W-U “Variables” Identify the independent, dependent, and control variables Joe is conducting an experiment to see if diet affects a persons blood pressure. Judy is conducting an experiment to see if the type of ball affects the distance the ball will travel. James is conducting an experiment to see if the type of bat will affect a hitter’s batting average. Janice is conducting an experiment to see if the type of shoes affects the speed at which he could run.

New Entry in Journal Creature Feature Challenge Question: Getting Started New Entry in Journal Creature Feature Challenge Question: How are Simple traits passed from parent to their offspring and then to the next generation?

Title a new page and write in the table of contents: Creature Features Challenge: How are simple inherited traits passed from parents to their offspring and then to the next generation?

Write in your notebook Purebred (Homozygous)- An organism that always produces offspring with the same form of a trait as the parent. Ex. BB Hybrid (Heterozygous)- An organism that has 2 different alleles for a trait. Ex. Bb

Explain why children of the same parents are not identical. Creature Features Explain why children of the same parents are not identical.

Purpose To investigate how inherited traits are passed from parents to their offspring and then to subsequent offspring.

Focus Question 2 One way to study traits is to breed and analyze the offspring produced by various parents. What does it mean to breed?

Breeding What: deliberate mating of two individuals to produce offspring with desired characteristics Why: * to maintain a species *study the genetics of a species

Focus Question 3 What are genes?

Genes What: bits of information that determine the traits of all living organisms *segment of DNA on chromosomes *responsible for inherited characteristics *come in pairs called alleles *expressed in two forms (genotype, phenotype)

Modeling genes

Creature Features Creature Breeding – Introduction pg. D24 2. “Critters Breed 1” 58.1

Stopping to Think 1 What do you think the tails of Skye and Poppy’s offspring will look like?

Creature Features The Second Generation 2. “Critters Breed 2” 58.2

Offspring of Skye and Poppy

*formulate and record your hypothesis Stopping to Think 2 *formulate and record your hypothesis Discuss this question with your group: Why do all of the offspring have blue tails? Develop one or more hypotheses. Be prepared to share one of your hypotheses with the class.

Class Hypotheses

*a trait that will always show up Dominant Trait *a trait that will always show up *represented by capital letters

3 Hypothesis Hypothesis A: Each critter pup got most of its tail-color genes from the parent with a blue tail and only a little genetic information from the parent with an orange tail. Hypothesis B: Each critter pup got all of its tail-color genes from the parent with the blue tail. (None came from the parent with the orange tail.) Hypothesis C: Each critter pup got half of its tail-color information from each parent, but the information from the blue-tailed parent overwhelms the information from the orange tailed parent.

Creature Features The Third Generation 2. “Critters Breed 3” 58.3

Ocean and Lucy’s Offspring

Stopping to Think 3 Discuss with your group: Does the evidence so far from the second and third generations help you decide which hypothesis or hypotheses might be correct? Explain.

Prepare and explain any inconsistencies you discover in the hypotheses Conducting the Activity Prepare and explain any inconsistencies you discover in the hypotheses

1. Work with your group to model the 3 hypotheses again. 2. Be prepared to show how you modeled each hypotheses. 3. Determine which hypothesis is correct and why?

Creature Features - Analysis 1. Based on the breeding results and your simulations, which hypothesis do you think best fits the evidence? Explain your answer. 2. Based on the reading, explain how genes are passed through generations.

3 Hypothesis Hypothesis A: Each critter pup got most of its tail-color genes from the parent with a blue tail and only a little genetic information from the parent with an orange tail. Hypothesis B: Each critter pup got all of its tail-color genes from the parent with the blue tail. (None came from the parent with the orange tail.) Hypothesis C: Each critter pup got half of its tail-color information from each parent, but the information from the blue-tailed parent overwhelms the information from the orange tailed parent.

Demonstrate a model Volunteer to demonstrate one of the three hypothesis models for the class.

Analysis question 2 Reflection: You have used models to investigate several scientific questions in Issues and Life Science. What are the trade-offs of using models to investigate the real world?

How are simple inherited traits passed from parents to their offspring and then to the next generation? Skye is a rare blue-tailed critter. Poppy is a rare orange-tailed critter.