Rostral medulla. Rostral medulla. Upper row: A, Proton-density weighted. B, T2-weighted. C, DEC-DTI. D, Anatomic schematic. Lower row: E, EMC PD map. F,

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Rostral medulla. Rostral medulla. Upper row: A, Proton-density weighted. B, T2-weighted. C, DEC-DTI. D, Anatomic schematic. Lower row: E, EMC PD map. F, EMC T2 map. G, stDEC-TDI. H, stTDI. More brain stem substructures are directly identified with our protocol. For example, the medial lemnisci (15) are easily distinguished from the pyramidal tracts (16) on EMC T2. Dorsal plate nuclei of the hypoglossal (55) and the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (56) are noted on both stTDI maps. Neither the conventional T2-weighted nor the DEC-DTI map can directly demonstrate these structures. M.J. Hoch et al. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016;37:1058-1065 ©2016 by American Society of Neuroradiology