Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume) Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space (volume)

3 Physical States of Matter Solid Liquid Gas

Solid Particles are tightly compact Particles vibrate without the ability to move freely Definite shape and volume

Liquid Particles are tightly compact, but able to move around close to each other No definite shape, but definite volume

Gas Particles can easily spread out or move close together Particle move freely and with a lot of energy No definite shape or volume

Properties of Matter Physical Property Any property of matter that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the matter Examples color shape taste density state/phase D = M V

Properties of Matter Chemical Property Any property of matter that describes a substance based on its ability to change into a new substance Examples flammability reactivity with vinegar reactivity with oxygen Iron + Oxygen  Iron oxide (rust) 2Fe + 3O2  Fe2O3

Changes in Matter Physical Change a change in shape, size, color, or state a change without a change in chemical composition a change that is reversible Examples tearing paper cutting your hair change in state

Chemical or Physical Property? Paper is white Boiling point of H2O is 100oC Zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid and creates hydrogen gas Nitrogen does not burn Sulfur smells like rotten eggs Physical Property Physical Property Chemical Property Chemical Property Physical Property

Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties Substance/Matter Physical Property Chemical Property Helium Less dense than air Nonflammable Wood Grainy texture Flammable Baking soda White powder Reacts with vinegar to produce bubbles Powdered sugar Does not react with vinegar Rubbing alcohol Clear liquid Red food coloring Red color Reacts with bleach and loses color Iron Malleable Reacts with oxygen

States of Matter Simulation This is what happens when energy is added and taken away

combining sulfuric acid and sugar Changes in Matter Chemical Change a change in which a substance becomes another substance having different properties a change that is not reversible using ordinary physical means Changes that usually cause heat, sound, light, odor, fizzing/foaming, color changes You usually need more than one of the above characteristics to be considered a chemical change! Examples combining sulfuric acid and sugar burning a piece of wood soured milk

Chemical or Physical Change? Bending a Paper Clip Baking a cake The sublimation of carbon dioxide Crushing an aluminum can Vinegar and baking soda combining to create salt and water Physical Change Chemical Change Physical Change Physical Change Chemical Change