Virginia, New England, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies British colonies! Virginia, New England, Middle Colonies, and Southern Colonies

Types of Colonies Corporate – operated by joint stock companies Royal – under the direct rule of the King Proprietary – under the authority of individuals granted charters of ownership by the King

Virginia Jamestown

Joint Stock Companies Investors who hope to profit off the colonies Require a charter from the king

Tobacco John rolfe Gets illegal tobacco seeds from Spanish and brings them to America People get addicted Creates the need for more land and more workers

1. Indentured servants Men (and some women) who agree to work 4-7 years in exchange for passage to America 1618- Headright system 50 acres for each person brought over to America>> Creates Giant plantations

2. slaves First slave arrives in Jamestown in 1619

Virginia house of burgess 1st legislative Assembly- create and collect taxes Real power lies with the assembly “Royal colony”- Governor appointed by the KinG

Bacon’s rebellion Poor farmers (former indentured servants) blame Virginia’s royal governor for the very low tobacco prices and Indian attacks Turns the tide, more people prefer slaves now Slaves are never set free Slaves never demand land

Becomes a Royal colony Virginia Company fell into heavy debt and its charter was revoked in 1624 – making it a royal colony

Maryland Catholics Haven

Baltimore, Maryland Lord Baltimore established Maryland in 1632 Baltimore was Catholic but gave religious freedom to all settlers Economy was based on tobacco back breaking work and the crop used up the soil after only a few years Begins importing African slaves to do this hard, endless work from the mid-1600’s

New England Plymouth, boston, Salem

Colonists come for Religious reasons Separatists (Pilgrims) Want to separate from the Church of england Come over on the mayflower Because Pilgrims were separatists, they were enemies of the king. When he granted them a charter to get them out of England, they stole it, and took it with them so he could not revoke it Puritans Want to purify the church of england

Mayflower compact 1st example of self- Government Will work together as a “Civil Body”

Boston as a “city on a hill” Model to other Christian communities Settlers come as families- not just men Settlers sacrificed for the common good Built schools, subsistence farming

New England government Town hall style Independently governed by local church members All adult male church members are allowed to vote

Naysayers Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts when he demanded that Indians be paid for their land Forms Rhode island colony Anne Hutchinson banished (To Rhode island) for challenging leaders authority, and for being a woman

Kings Philips war 1675-1676 Native Americans fought the colonists for taking their land Indian leader Metacom gained Native american allies and led assault on English settlements Despite some victories, eventually the English were victorious and many NAtives were killed or sold into slavery

Salem Witch Trials In 1692, the Salem witchcraft trials led to the death of 19 & imprisonment of 150 citizens: Caused by a variety of factors: Indians attacks, religious fanaticism, lack of available land, accusations by local girls

Halfway covenant Grants church membership to people who have not had a “conversion experience” ****Declining importance of Religion in New England******

Middle Colonies New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania

Middle Colonies Made up of New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware Had a large amount of religious and ethnic diversity people came for economic opportunity and religious freedom

New Netherland created by the Dutch West India Co: To attract settlers, the Dutch recruited Swedes, Germans, Finns, & Africans (very diverse) Britain seized the Dutch colony in 1664 & renamed it, New York

Becomes New York, New Jersey, and Delaware Became a proprietary colony (a colony owned by an individual) Owned by the Duke of york

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania founded by a radical religious sect called Quakers Quakers believed in the “Inner Light,” that all people are equal, & the ability to communicate directly with God In England, Quakers were persecuted for these beliefs Founded by William Penn in 1681

“Holy Experiment” William Penn’s colony was to serve as a “holy experiment” Promoted religious toleration, bought land from the Indians, & did not tolerate slavery Allowed a diverse population to move there Philadelphia had an excellent harbor, making it the most important trade city in the British colonies

(lower) Southern Colonies North Carolina, south Carolina, and georgia

The Lower South colonies were among the last to be formed: Carolina & Georgia developed like Virginia with a cash crop economy, slavery, & gaps between the rich & poor Georgia was formed as a buffer between Carolina & Spanish Florida, populated by British debtors & prisoners

Georgia Founded in 1732 by James Oglethorpe as a place for debtors Oglethorpe was a strict ruler and eventually the king took control and made it a royal colony