Daily Life (1600-1800) Intro Society’s Structure Key Terms Nobility England vs. French The “Masses” Mortality Rates Family Women’s Lives Peasant Life Pugachev Rebellion Urban Workers & Guilds Fun/Entertainment Key Terms Bourgeoisie Family Economy Cottage Industry Dowry Corvée Emelian Pugachev Apprentice Journeyman Master
Bourgeoisie General term for “middle class” (primarily in France) Included shopkeepers, skilled workers, business owners, bankers, etc.
Nobles/Lords: 1-5% Clergy: 5-10% Bourgeoisie: 5-10% The “Masses” 75-85%
Nobility in England & France About 400 families (House of Lords) Passed all laws France Nobles of Sword (served the king); Nobles of Robe (purchased a title) Nobles did not pay taxes!
Bolshoi Theater, Moscow Bolshoi Ballet started as a dance school in 1700s Theater opened in 1800s Bolshoi Theater, Moscow
The Nobility & Fun Gambling, adultery, hunting, tennis, opera, ballet, dances & elaborate dinner parties, salons, etc. Food: Breads and wine/hard liquor & coffee; greater amounts of food were available & exotic spices
French Nobility (Dress & Manners) Men wore wigs; 1,200 shops Culottes (Knee breeches) The diameter of some dresses was nine feet across
The Masses: Mortality Rates Average life expectancy: 15-20 years shorter for the “Masses” than nobility (Hôtel Dieu) Disease & Accidents = biggest killers Diet was monotonous & not balanced: Staples-Black bread & beer For most, very little meat or fresh vegetables Hospital For The Poor
Peasant Family in France Family Life Men/Fathers: Plowing, planting, running a shop; also became migrant workers Women/Mothers: “Carriers,” childrearing/ raising, “Deputy Husbands; earned extra $$$ Children: Laborers (age seven) 25% of infants died before age one; 55% before age ten Servants: Laborers, but weren’t slaves Peasant Family in France
Cottage Industry Spinning Wheel Women set their own pace & made extra money
Girl With A Pearl Earring She worked as a servant to help earn money for her family Others might work to earn money for a dowry Griet
Women Dowry Wealth given by a bride to her husband upon marriage Women often worked 10 years to build their dowry Childbirth & Abandonment; many women worked as “wet nurses” or prostitutes (40-60,000 in Paris) “Rule of Thumb” It was legal to beat one’s wife with a stick as long as the stick was no thicker than the husband’s thumb
Peasant Life About 75% of Europe’s population lived as peasants/serfs. Peasants “rented” land from Nobles. Peasants could be bought, sold & traded.
Tax System In France Nobles & Clergy-did not pay taxes; Peasants & Bourgeoisie paid taxes Those with the least wealth paid the most in taxes Corvée: Peasants worked 12-15 days of unpaid labor per year for the state (roads, bridges, etc)
Pugachev Rebellion (1773-1774) A former soldier who led a mass rebellion attacking serfdom & monarchy of Catherine the Great. Controlled a large area in eastern Russia including Kazan. He was captured, tortured and executed; ending the rebellion. Emelian Pugachev (c. 1742-1775)
Guild System (Early industry) Master- Shop-owner (if they had enough money & connections). Journeyman- After completing seven year apprenticeship they could receive “Journeyman Papers.” Received wage plus room & board. Apprentice-worked for room & board only (seven year term), but with a hope of advancement. Unskilled Laborer -received room & board with little or no hope of advancement.
Master Journeymen Apprentice Unskilled Laborers
“The Masses” & Fun Public Punishments
Fun: For Rich & Poor Gambling/Card-playing, Casinos, Lottery
“The Masses” & Fun Gambling On Cockfights Razor-sharp
“The Masses” & Fun Taverns In London, the average male consumed 100 gallons of beer or ale per year (one quart per day).
“The Masses” & Fun Religious Ceremonies: A Christening
“The Masses” & Fun Soccer
Daily Life (1600-1800) Intro Society’s Structure Key Terms Nobility England vs. French The “Masses” Mortality Rates Family Women’s Lives Peasant Life Pugachev Rebellion Urban Workers & Guilds Fun/Entertainment Key Terms Bourgeoisie Family Economy Cottage Industry Dowry Corvée Emelian Pugachev Apprentice Journeyman Master