IB Psychology 3.20.18 Today’s Agenda: Turn in: Abnormal Project: Get familiar with the DSM-5 HW: Group up…respond to online questions… Turn in: Nothing Take out: Notes, notes, notes Today’s Learning Objectives: Discuss to what extent biological, cognitive and sociocultural factors influence abnormal behavior. Evaluate psychological research relevant to the study of abnormal behavior.

Anxiety disorders Occasional anxiety is a normal part of life. You might feel anxious when faced with a problem at work, before taking a test, or making an important decision. Anxiety disorders involve more than temporary worry or fear. For a person with an anxiety disorder, the anxiety does not go away and can get worse over time. These feelings can interfere with daily activities such as job performance, school work, and relationships. There are a variety of anxiety disorders. Collectively they are among the most common mental disorders.

Examples of Anxiety Disorders Panic disorder : People with this condition have feelings of terror that strike suddenly and repeatedly with no warning. Other symptoms of a panic attack include sweating, chest pain, palpitations (unusually strong or irregular heartbeats), and a feeling of choking, which may make the person feel like he or she is having a heart attack or "going crazy."

Examples of Anxiety Disorders Social anxiety disorder : Also called social phobia, social anxiety disorder involves overwhelming worry and self- consciousness about everyday social situations. The worry often centers on a fear of being judged by others, or behaving in a way that might cause embarrassment or lead to ridicule.

Examples of Anxiety Disorders Specific phobias : A specific phobia is an intense fear of a specific object or situation, such as snakes, heights, or flying. The level of fear is usually inappropriate to the situation and may cause the person to avoid common, everyday situations.

Examples of Anxiety Disorders Generalized anxiety disorder : This disorder involves excessive, unrealistic worry and tension, even if there is little or nothing to provoke the anxiety.

Affective (Mood) Disorders Similar to anxiety, shifts in mood in response to environment or stimuli is natural, to a certain extent. Affective disorders are a set of psychiatric diseases, also called mood disorders. Symptoms vary by individual, but they typically affect mood. They can range from mild to severe. Mood disorders represent a category of mental disorders in which the underlying problem primarily affects a person’s persistent emotional state (their mood).

Major affective disorders Bi-Polar Disorder Major Depressive Disorder Leading cause of disability in the USA between 14 and 44 (Kessler and Merikangas 2004)* *as cited from textbook

Eating Disorders An eating disorder is an illness that causes serious disturbances to your everyday diet, such as eating extremely small amounts of food or severely overeating. A person with an eating disorder may have started out just eating smaller or larger amounts of food, but at some point, the urge to eat less or more spiraled out of control. Severe distress or concern about body weight or shape may also signal an eating disorder.

Common Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Not eating Bulimia Nervosa Binging and purging Binge-Eating Disorder Consistent over-eating

Data Almost 50% of people with eating disorders meet the criteria for depression. Only 1 in 10 men and women with eating disorders receive treatment. Only 35% of people that receive treatment for eating disorders get treatment at a specialized facility for eating disorders. Up to 30 million people of all ages and genders suffer from an eating disorder (anorexia, bulimia and binge eating disorder) in the U.S. Eating disorders have the highest mortality rate of any mental illness. http://www.anad.org/

Personality Disorders Personality disorders are deeply ingrained ways of thinking and behaving that are inflexible and generally lead to impaired relationships with others. Mental health professionals formally recognize 10 disorders that fall into 3 clusters (A, B and C); although there is now known to be much overlap between the disorders, each of which exists on a spectrum. A: “Odd/Eccentric” B: “Dramatic/Erratic/Emotional” C: “Anxious/Fearful”

Categories Odd or Eccentric Disorders Dramatic or Erratic Disorders Cluster A disorders include paranoid personality disorder as well as schizoid and schizotypal personalities. Dramatic or Erratic Disorders Cluster B personality disorders include narcissistic personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder and the often confusing borderline. Anxious or Fearful Disorders Cluster C disorders comprise avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder.