Brooke Young Nicole Mcintosh Lukas Binau Amelia Spilde Energy Brooke Young Nicole Mcintosh Lukas Binau Amelia Spilde

Major Concepts Energy is the property that must be transferred to an object to perform work on, or to heat, the object. It can be converted in different forms, but not created or destroyed. The international unit of energy is joule, which is the energy transferred to an object by the work of moving it a distance of 1 meter against a force of 1 newton.

Major Concepts Work: The force that is applied to an object demonstrated by the equation Force x Distance Power: is the rate that work is done demonstrated by the equation Work done/ Time interval Mechanical Energy: the energy produced by the movement or position of something

Major Concepts Potential Energy: the energy that is stored and ready to use Kinetic Energy: the energy of motion

Major Concepts Conservation of Energy: From the physics textbook, “ The study of the various forms of energy and their transformations from one form to another has led to one of the greatest generalizations in physics, known as the law of conservation of energy: Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes.”

Major Concepts Machines: is an object that applies force or changes the direction of the force. Efficiency: useful work output / total work input Energy for life: every living thing uses energy

History The first energy source known was the sun, providing light. Next came fire which was discovered by lightning striking the ground. It caused light as well as heat. Years later wind was a way for transportation on boats. Eventually wind powered windmills to turn water wheels and grind grain. New forms of energy have been discovered such as coal, and natural gas. In 1816 the first street light was made from natural gas made of coal and was located in Baltimore, Maryland. Present day, nuclear and solar energy along with wind and water are the most common forms of energy.

Application of Concepts Mechanical energy, in the form of kinetic or potential energy, is the energy due to the position or the movement of something. That kind of energy is used in drawing a bow and the bow string does the energy on the arrow. Potential energy is the type of energy an object has because of its position. An object in a persons hand has potential energy which can turn to kinetic energy if it is dropped. Kinetic energy is the mass and speed of an object, like a car coasting down a hill. A machine is an object that multiplies of changes the direction of forces. A lever is a simple machine that changes the direction and force of a certain object.

Think and Explain 1. because more energy is being stored in the rubber and then released when the slingshot is shot, making the rock go faster 2. The car would take 5 seconds to reach 100 km/h 3. it will skit 80 m 4. The Kinetic energy would be equal to the potential energy. so double as much.

Think and Explain 5. the satellite would have a greater speed, the further it comes out. because it moves a longer distance in the same amount of time, there for going faster. 6. because it takes less fuel (energy), to move a lighter object than a heavier one. streamlined design would help, because of less friction. 7. a car would not consume fore gas, if the air conditioner is on. the air conditioner uses electricity from the car battery, which is being charged when the engine runs the same concepts apply to the radio.

Think and Explain 8. 10000 meters = 10 km 9. half the tension, cause the weight is being supported by two strands. 10. 11. When u put energy into a nuclear reactor you don’t produce more energy, you release the stored energy in the uranium. 12. when u consume more energy than your body uses, it will store the extra as fat. when a person consume less energy than the body uses, the body will use the stored fat or perform worse, if there is no fat.

Review Questions 1. The quanity force x distance is called work and it changes the energy. 2. It would be three times as much work to lift a barbell that weighs three times as much. 3. It requires the same amount of work to lift a 10kg sack a vertical distance of 2m as it would to lift a 5kg sack a verticle distance of 4m. 4. 10 joules of work are done on an object with a force of 10N and a distance of 10m. 5. 200W are required to do 100J of work on an object in a time of 0.5s. The amount of power required to get the same amount of work done in 1s is 100W. 6. Mechanical energy is the sum of potential and kinetic energy. 7. a) 100J b) 200J 8. 200 J 9. 8000J and 18000J

10. 50J 11. That there always is the same amount of energy, its just in different forms. 12. The plants make solar energy into chemical energy by photosynthesis. coal is ancient plants mushed together under a lot of preasure. 13. Because at some point all the gasoline is burned 14. it can change magnitude and/or direction 15. Because the machine basicly transfers one form of energy to another. it is not possible to create new energy, so no. 16. It can multiply force by a certain amount. 17. The wheight, force and fulcrum in different spots. 18. 35% 19. TMA - no friction, AMA - with friction same 20. 10%

Question How will bouncing a tennis ball off a basketball demonstrate kinetic energy?

Background Information Kinetic energy is the energy of motion, and potential energy is stored energy waiting to become kinetic energy. Both are used in this experiment. The potential energy is built up and waiting until the tennis ball will bounce off the basketball and when that happens the kinetic energy is prevalent.

Materials 1. Basketball 2. Tennis ball

Procedure 1. Gather the tennis ball and basketball 2. Hold the tennis ball on top of the basketball 3. Drop the two balls at the same time

Safety Precautions Make sure no objects or people get hit with the balls.

Results o Tennis ball O Basketball | V

Analysis After releasing both the basketball and tennis ball, the basketball hit the ground first. Then soon after, the tennis ball hit the basketball. Both started with potential energy, and both demonstrated kinetic energy after they hit each other, and after the basketball hit the ground as well.

Conclusions This experiment shows energy transfer very effectively because it shows how the tennis ball get energy from the basketball, as well as the basketball from the ground.

Evaluation Bouncing the tennis ball off the basketbal shows both kinetic and potentail energy because it shows energy transfers from one to another. Same thing with the basketball and the ground.

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