The Era of Thomas Jefferson James Healy - BAVPA

Thomas Jefferson

Political Beliefs “The government which governs least, governs best.” Strongly favored States Rights. Believed in a strict construction, or strict interpretation, of the U.S. Constitution

Accomplishments Prior to becoming President Wrote the first draft of the Declaration of Independence Wrote the Statute of Virginia for Religious Freedom Created the University of Virginia Served as an ambassador to Europe from the United States

One of the things he’s most proud of… Founder of The University of Virginia The only university to be founded by a President

Home in Virginia Monticello Designed by TJ

Moldboard Plow of Least Resistance He was a violinist, architect, farmer, scholar, a horseman, and an inventor Moldboard Plow of Least Resistance Polygraph machine for copying documents Wheel cipher to encode and decode messages

Another Invention Macaroni making machine Myth that he brought “macaroni and cheese” to America. Swivel chair

Please write an obituary for Thomas Jefferson and include: 1 Please write an obituary for Thomas Jefferson and include: 1. greatest political achievements 2. inventions 3. political beliefs 4. Something else…

The Election of 1800 Democratic-Republican Candidates: Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr

The Election of 1800 Federalist Candidates: John Adams and Charles C. Pinckney

The Election of 1800 The Democratic-Republicans won the election. Two candidates tied, Jefferson and Burr. Election was settled the House of Representatives after 35 votes. Hamilton swings the election to Jefferson and angers Burr. Change this to be about confusion regarding the President/Vice President ticket (or lack thereof) prior to the 12th amendment.

12th Amendment Jefferson becomes President, which means Burr is forced to be Vice President. The messed up election pointed out the need for a Constitutional amendment. The 12th Amendment modified the Constitution so that the President and the Vice- President are elected using separate ballots.

Election of 1800 5. Who won and how did they win. 6 Election of 1800 5. Who won and how did they win? 6. What were the two political parties and what did they believe? 7. What was the 12th Amendment.

Hamilton Vs. Burr Duel (1804) When two gentleman cannot settle an argument and ones honor is in question they use Pistols to settled it. Hamilton Supported Burr’s Opponent in the New York Governors race. Burr Challenges Hamilton and Kills him. Hamilton Never fires a shot. Burr is still upset that Hamilton outwardly support Jefferson for President. Hamilton never fires a shot because it was a tactic that is his opponent missed he would be able to take aim and get a good shot off. It didn’t work

Hamilton vs. Burr

Marbury vs. Madison Midnight Judges – John Adams appoints Federalist judges to the bench moments before leaving office. Thomas Jefferson refuses to appoint judges. Marbury vs. Madison: Is Judge Marbury’s last minute “midnight judges,” appointment fair or not?

Marbury vs. Madison Jefferson had James Madison refuse to give the commission to Marbury Issue went before the Supreme Court Ruling became a precedent—an example for future court cases

“Judicial Review” With Marbury vs. Madison, the Supreme Court established the concept of “Judicial Review” of laws Judicial Review means that the Court may decide if a law is constitutional or not. All the Supreme Court does is decide if previous cases are constitutional or not…. Judicial Review.

8. Who were the Midnight Judges. 9 8. Who were the Midnight Judges? 9. What was the controversy that surrounded the midnight judges and who appointed them? 10. Explain the Marbury vs. Madison case. 11. What is judicial review?

The Louisiana Purchase … whole bunch of land!

Louisiana Purchase Greatest real estate deal in history $15 million (4 cents an acre)

The Louisiana Purchase By 1800, the western boundary of the U.S. was the Mississippi River. The Louisiana Territory was originally controlled by France. After France lost the French-Indian War, they had to give the Louisiana Territory to Spain.

The Louisiana Purchase While Spain controlled New Orleans, they let America use the river and port at New Orleans. American farmers relied on the Mississippi River to transport their crops to the port at New Orleans.

The Louisiana Purchase A war fought in Europe between Spain and France ended with a victory for Napoleon and the French. Spain loses the Louisiana Territory in 1800 and, in a secret deal, returns it to France.

The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson learned that Louisiana Territory was now controlled by France New Orleans controlled all trade on the Mississippi. If France decided to close the city of New Orleans to U.S. trade, then the U.S. would suffer great economic hardship.

The Louisiana Purchase Jefferson realized the problems involved with France owning the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson sends Robert Livingston and James Monroe to buy New Orleans and West Florida for $2 million from France.

12. What did the Louisiana Purchase cost. 13 12. What did the Louisiana Purchase cost? 13. What countries controlled this land before the united states? 14. Why was the Mississippi river important to the united States? 15. what was the importance of the port of new Orleans?

Toussaint L’Ouverture When they arrived they found out that Toussaint L’Ouverture had driven the French from Haiti. He was a slave who led a revolt that beat the most powerful army in the world.

Toussaint L’Ouverture 15 Toussaint L’Ouverture 15. Please use the internet to research Toussaint L’Ouverture and find 8 interesting facts about his struggle against the French and his life.

The Louisiana Purchase Napoleon also needs money for another war with Great Britain. He decides to sell not only New Orleans, but ALL of the Louisiana Territory. His price: $15 million. Despite being more money and more land than expected, it is an amazing deal and both Livingston and Monroe quickly agree to the deal.

The deal poses a personal problem for Jefferson—is this small government?

The Louisiana Purchase Nowhere in the Constitution did it say that the President had power to buy land.. Strict interpretation?? Jefferson went against his beliefs to buy the important territory, he also had to get a loan from the National Bank that he opposed in order to pay for it!

16. Does the president have the power to purchase large amounts of territory?

Lewis and Clark Jefferson decides to send a military expedition to explore the Louisiana Territory. Jefferson’s personal secretary, Captain Meriwether Lewis, is placed in charge of the expedition. The men on this expedition are called the Corps of Discovery. Lewis was to explore the territory, map it, find a water route to the Pacific, make friends with the Native Americans. Meriwether Lewis

Lewis and Clark Lewis selects Lt. William Clark as a co-commander. Lewis and Clark, along with the other members of the Corps of Discovery, depart St. Louis on May 14, 1804 and travel upriver. They stop for the winter of 1805 in the Mandan villages and create Fort Mandan. William Clark

Lewis and Clark At Fort Mandan, Lewis and Clark hire the French trader Toussaint Charbonneau as an interpreter and guide. The true prize was Charbonneau’s 2nd wife, Sacagawea and Sacagawea’s newborn infant son. Charbonneau was useless. Sacagawea does prove helpful: no war party would travel with a woman and young child. Sacagawea’s presence eases tensions between Corps of Discovery and the Indians.

Lewis and Clark The Corps of Discovery reach the Pacific Ocean on November 7, 1805. Clark writes: “Ocean in view! O! The joy!” The first American vote involving an African- American (York), a female (Sacagawea), and men of several different nationalities takes place to decide where to stay for the winter. The Corps of Discovery create Fort Clatsop and spend the 1806 winter on the Pacific coast. They experience problems with the natives.

Lewis and Clark The journey becomes a race down the Missouri River. Lewis and Clark arrive in St. Louis on September 23, 1806. They traveled almost 8,000 miles along the journey. They mapped the entire distance using “line of sight” approximations. They were off by only 4 miles.

Jefferson’s 2nd Term Pirates from the Barbary Coast States in the Mediterranean Sea demand tribute from U.S. trade ships. Jefferson refuses to pay the tribute The Barbary pirates from Tripoli declare war on the U.S. Jefferson does not want to fight; instead, he orders a blockade of the port of Tripoli.

Jefferson’s 2nd Term The blockade eventually works. The U.S. forces the pirates to sign a peace treaty which ends all tribute payments. The military action is popular in the U.S., but shows the need for a U.S. navy. Jefferson puts aside his own personal problems with the government paying for a navy, and the country develops a stronger defense.

Jefferson’s 2nd Term Great Britain continues its policy of impressment. Impressment is when the British kidnap U.S. sailors and force them to work as British sailors. The impressment issue becomes a big deal with the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in June 1807.

Jefferson’s 2nd Term Jefferson deals with the impressment issue by asking for an embargo, or block of trade, against both Great Britain and France. Congress passes the Embargo Act of 1807. The main victim of the law was neither Great Britain nor France—it was the U.S. merchants who could no longer trade with either country.

Jefferson’s 2nd Term The Embargo Act proves EXTREMELY unpopular and Jefferson’s popularity suffers as a result. Eventually, Congress repealed the Embargo Act and replaced it with the Non-Intercourse Act. The Non-Intercourse Act was no more successful than the Embargo Act. American merchants and ship owners suffered greatly. Jefferson leaves office with a loss of respect.

Jefferson after the Presidency Jefferson renews his friendship with his long-term friend and political rival, John Adams. Jefferson and Adams exchange tons of letters with each other. Thomas Jefferson and John Adams both die on the same day: July 4, 1826. It was the 50th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence which both men help write.

16. Create 10 test questions and answers on Jefferson’s second term and Lewis and Clark.