How to make Better power point presentations By Zufan Abera

Outline What is an Indicator? Characteristics of indicator Graphs Information Overload Conclusion Future Plan

Indicators Events / counts once processed help measure change: Used to monitor stated objectives Monitor progress towards defined targets Describe situations Measure trends (changes) over time Provide a measurement whereby institutions / teams can compare themselves to others

An ideal indicator RAVES RELIABLE:- it gives the same result if used by different people APPROPRIATE:- it is the best way of measuring what we want to know VALID:- it measures what you want to measure EASY:-it is feasible to collect the data to produce this indicator (KISS) SENSITIVE, SPECIFIC:- it reflects changes in events being measured

Graph :-shows the trend of HIV status

Information Overload It is important to collect data that can be used to monitor progress towards goals and targets Data need to be essential at the local level All data collected must have purpose and must use to calculate indicators Huge amount of data is collected in developing countries

Information overload cont. Be aware of information overload

Conclusion Indicators are important parameters that show the progress The data collected must used to calculate indicators

Future plan Making effective power point presentations Upload and share power point slides within a group

Exercise Select good and bad slides from the following power point presentations Give rationale for your Answers

Indicators Events / counts once processed help measure change: Used to monitor stated objectives Monitor progress towards defined targets Describe situations Measure trends (changes) over time Provide a measurement whereby institutions / teams can compare themselves to others

Indicators Indicators are the tools that use to convert raw data into useful information and to enable comparison between different facilities and health programs. While the information system collects data, this data has to be made into information in the form of indicators, which relate the data to standardized populations or sub-groups or items. Only when this analysis has been made can data from different sized units be meaningfully compared. Indicators are usually made up of a numerator (top number) that is divided by a denominator (bottom number). Indicators are easy to calculate, once they have been developed. We all learned how to calculate indicators when we learned division at primary school! All health workers should be able to calculate routine indicators - not just the managers and program heads. IFI-UIO Seminar August 99

Information Overload It is important to collect data that can be used to monitor progress towards goals and targets Data need to be essential at the local level Data need to be obtained easily Raw data need to be processed and analyzed All data collected must have purpose and must use to calculate indicators Example:-data collected at the facility level need to measure how well the various programs are performing. It is better to identify the must to know data Data quality also must be considered Huge amount of data is collected in developing countries However, make analysis or calculating of indicators and using of information for action is minimal.

What is an indicator? Measurable parameter that provides an overall summary of a situation Usually expressed as a rate/ratio – Numerator - number of events, services Denominator – population of interest Defines data to be collected – if not used for an indicator, then don’t collect it!

Example of indicators

Example of indicators Immunisation Coverage under 1 year (annualised) Province Alpha District Jan-06 Feb-06 Mar-06 Apr-06 May-06 Jun-06 District 1 69.6 54.2 62.3 57.9 94.9 79.0 District 2 71.2 67.5 73.9 65.9 77.3 93.3 District 3 64.6 67.6 109.6 70.4 88.4 76.4 District 4 85.6 108.9 77.7 90.3 86.8 District 5 77.5 71.0 78.1 65.5 86.5 69.8 District 6 100.1 113.3 81.7 112.6 100.6 District 7 78.8 73.8 57.6 99.1 96.6 67.7 District 8 75.7 76.1 88.9 78.3 84.7 82.2 District 9 97.0 94.5 68.0 82.0 93.8 71.4