Living in groups also has benefits and costs.

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Presentation transcript:

KEY CONCEPT Social behaviors enhance the benefits of living in a group.

Living in groups also has benefits and costs. Social behaviors evolve when the benefits of group living outweigh its costs. benefits: improved foraging, reproductive assistance, reduced chance of predation costs: increased visibility, competition, disease contraction Group living requires learning social structure and membership. http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/meerkat

Social behaviors are interactions between members of the same or different species. Animals use communication to keep in contact. visual sound touch chemical (pheromones)

Courtship displays are used to evaluate the fitness of a potential mate. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oYmzdvMoUUA

Defensive behaviors are used to protect the individual and/or the group.

Some behaviors benefit other group members at a cost to the individual performing them. There are many types of helpful social behavior. cooperation reciprocity altruism

In altruism, an individual reduces its own fitness to help other members of its social group. inclusive fitness kin selection

Eusocial behavior is an example of extreme altruism. Eusocial species live in large groups of mostly nonreproductive individuals. haplodiploid species: social insects (wasps, bees, ants) Minor worker Major worker Queen diploid species: termites, snapping shrimp, naked mole rats Eusocial behaviors likely evolve by kin selection.

Naked mole rats http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/weirdest-naked-mole-rat