Rocks & The Rock Cycle Notes I WANT TO ROCK! Rocks & The Rock Cycle Notes

What is a Rock & why should we study them? Rock: _______ of minerals, mineraloids, _____, and organic matter. Evidence from _____ allows us to understand evolution of life on Earth. mixture glass rocks

The Rock Cycle Heat & Pressure 1. Weathering 2. ______ Rocks are constantly ________ through the following processes: 1. Weathering 2. ______ 3. Compaction 4. Cementation 5. ______ 6. Cooling 7. Crystallization 8. ______________ changing Erosion Melting Heat & Pressure

Processes of the Rock Cycle Weathering: Physical or ________ breakdown of rocks that form _________. chemical sediments

1. physical: when _____ (rock) is worn away or broken down by _____, water, ___ or sand. earth wind ice Frost/ice wedging Root/plant wedging Wind

2. chemical: when earth (rock) is broken down by being _____ with natural ________. mixed chemicals Rain dissolving limestone oxidation Moss/lichen dissolving minerals

Quick Quiz What is weathering? Physical or chemical breakdown of rocks that form sediments.

Erosion: _________ of _________ material. movement weathered

Movement of weathered material Quick Quiz What is erosion? Movement of weathered material

pressure layers sediment stick rock Compaction: when sediment layers build up due to erosion, ________ from the upper ______ push down on the lower layers causing smaller pieces of _________ to _____ together and form solid _____. pressure layers sediment stick rock

soaks minerals natural sediments stick Cementation: water ______ through soil and rock dissolving ________ in the rocks that make _______ cements. The natural cements cause the __________ to _____ together. soaks minerals natural sediments stick

Quick Quiz What is the difference between cementation and compaction? Compaction – pressure pushes on layers. Cementation – dissolved minerals stick sediment together

heat melts semi-liquid Melting: ____ from the earth _____ solid rock into __________ rock. heat melts semi-liquid

lava above below surface hardens Cooling: when magma or ____ (liquid rock) cools and _______. Cooling can happen ______ or ______ the earth’s _______. lava hardens above below surface lava magma

magma crystals Faster smaller slower larger Crystallization: as _______ or lava cools, _______ form in the rock. ______ cooling creates _______ crystals and ______ cooling creates ______ crystals. crystals Faster smaller slower larger

As rocks (lava or magma) cool, ______ form. Quick Quiz As rocks (lava or magma) cool, ______ form. Crystals

heat softens rock Pressure squeeze change shape make-up Heat & Pressure: ____ from the inside of the earth _______ & can even melt the ____. ________ from earth’s layers _______ the rock. Melting & squeezing causes rocks to _______ ______ & can also change the ________ of the rock. heat softens rock Pressure squeeze change shape make-up

Rock Cycle Process Animations Click on the link below to view animations of each rock cycle process (some are combined together, like weathering & erosion). To view the animations simply scroll over the process picture & name in the box and click on it. http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/diagram.html

Rock Types 1. Igneous Rocks magma How do they form? Igneous rocks: form when _______ or lava cools and solidifies. magma

Where do they form? below magma lava Intrusive igneous rocks: form _____ ground when the ______ is forced upward toward the surface of the earth. Extrusive igneous rocks: form as ____ cools. below magma lava

large crystals How can I identify an igneous rock? May have _____ mineral grains or _______ because magma cooled slowly. example: granite large crystals

grains not visible example: obsidian May have fine mineral ______ that are __________ because they cooled quickly. Appear glassy. example: obsidian not visible

May have small _____ or spaces in rock from ____ bubbles _______ during the cooling process. example: pumice holes gas trapped

2. Sedimentary Rocks How do they Form? sediment pressed cemented Sedimentary rocks: form when ________ (broken pieces of rock or organic material) become _______ or _________ together. sediment pressed cemented

pre-existing remains older bottom first organisms They can form from ___________ rocks. They can form from the _______ of certain _________. They form in layers with the _____ layers on the _______ because those sediments were deposited ____. pre-existing remains organisms older bottom first

Where do they form? underground Sedimentary rocks form ___________, beneath layers of sediment. underground

grainy rocks How can I identify a sedimentary rock? Looks ______ Often composed of pieces of other _____ grainy rocks Grainy Sedimentary Rock Sedimentary Rock Made From Other Rocks

shells parallel May contain _____, fossils and other rock pieces Often have distinct _______ layers shells parallel Layered Gypsum Coquina Limestone

changes temperature pressure 3. Metamorphic Rocks How do they form? Metamorphic rocks: form from ________ in igneous, sedimentary or other metamorphic rocks that have been exposed to extreme ____________ and ________ or the presence of hot, watery fluids. changes temperature pressure

Where do they form? Beneath the earth’s _______. surface

Schist (changed basalt) How can I identify a metamorphic rock? May be _____ shiny Schist (changed basalt) May be shiny

Gneiss (changed granite) ______ may be _______ and appear thin/_____ Layers colored wavy Gneiss (changed granite) Thin wavy layers

Might have _______. Usually square/rectangle shaped (________). crystals flattened Marble (changed limestone) Flattened crystals