ALEXANDER GREAT THE Theme: Relationship with Greeks

PHILIP’S RELATIONSHIP WITH GREEKS review

Problems to solve: IN THE REST OF GREECE: First of the Greek rebellions: Alexander determined to force Greeks into Submission without fighting them: He first went south, where he outwitted the Thessalians. How? Athens and the other southern states surrendered and acclaimed him as Philip’s successor. Alexander then needed to go north, to deal with revolts in Illyria.

Problems to solve: Second Greek rebellions: While in the north, there were rumours that Alexander had been killed. Thebes again revolted, with support from Athens (Demosthenes). Alexander laid siege to Thebes and defeated it. End of Greek rebellions for now.

The Sack of Thebes One of Alexander’s first ‘Acts of Cruelty’. Use your notes to answer: The reasons why Thebes decided to revolt What happened before Alexander attacked the city. What happened at the end of the battle. How and why the League of Corinth dealt with Thebes. Why Hamilton calls this “a calculated act of terrorism”. (Is this fair?)

Rebellions of King Agis 333 – 331BC Agis was the King of Sparta. He allied with the Persians because Alexander was a common enemy. 1st Rebellion of king Agis Corrhagus was the Macedonian general The rebels were Spartans, backed by Persian gold and ships They were anti Alexander/Macedonia, Sparta had proud traditions of independence and leadership in Greece, Alex was absent – good opportunity Outcome: Corrhagus was defeated at Corinth.

Rebellions of King Agis 333 – 331BC 2nd Rebellion Major Battle at Megalopolis Macedonians led by Antipater Outcome: The Spartans were heavily outnumbered (Antipater had 40,000 troops) and crushed Spartans. Agis was killed After the Battle: Antipater took some Spartan hostages then sent message to Alexander asking him what to do with Sparta. Alexander’s decision: Spartans to join League of Corinth Spartan allies already members of League were made to pay compensation to Megalopolis.

NEXT WAVE OF GREEK REBELLIONS

The Conquest of Asia Minor Troy Granicus River (334BC) Gordium Miletus Halicarnassus Issus (333BC) Tarsus map: www.wargamer.com

Greek Mercenaries Who are they? Hired soldiers who fought for the Persians at the battle of Granicus, against Alexander Leader: Memnon (a Greek general) Outcome of the battle of Granicus: Alexander won – Angry that Greeks are fighting against him How did Alexander deal with the Greek mercenaries? Mercenaries were enslaved and sent, in chains, to Macedonia to work in mines Is this punishment too severe? No – broke the League of Corinth agreement (Alex again keen to teach other Greeks a lesson) Releasing the Greek Mercenaries: See Hamilton pages 63 and 78

The Exiles Decree 324BC “King Alexander to the exiles from the Greek cities. We were not the cause of your exile, but we shall be responsible for bringing about your return to your native cities, except for those of you who are under a curse. We have written to Antipater about this matter so that he may apply compulsion to those cities which refuse to reinstate their exiles.” – The Exiles Decree, read out at the Olympic Games, 324BC Use ESA Study Guide pages 70-71 or Hamilton Pages 136-138 or Artus page 32 to complete the notes on this key event.

Alexander and Athens What evidence is there of favour to Athens? Why show favour to Athens?

Alexander and Sparta Not on good terms? (Evidence) CHRONOLOGY CHALLENGE – CLICK HERE (SMARTBOARD)