Topographic Map Notes FIELD- Area where a value is measured. ISOLINES- a line connecting points of equal value.

Examples of isolines: (The weather channel loves isolines!) Isotherms: points of equal temperature Isobar: points of equal barometric (air) pressure Contour Lines: points of equal elevation Isohyet: Points of equal rainfall Anything else you can get a value for. (The weather channel loves isolines!)

What is the purpose?

When might someone use a topographic map? building homes plan a hiking trip landscaping road building

Rules for Drawing Isolines: 1. All points on the line MUST have the same value 5 5 10 10 10 10 15 15

2. Isolines are gentle, curving lines- no sharp corners. 5 5 10 10 10 10 15 15

3. Isolines are always closed curves even though the map might only show part of it.

4. Isolines NEVER cross- this would mean that one point has two different values. 60 ° 50 ° 40 ° 30 ° X 20° Z Y

5. Isolines usually have a parallel trend

6. The interval between 2 isolines must stay constant 30 40 50 60

Contour Interval? 25

6. We can infer any value that exists between 2 lines 20 *X *Z *Y 30

Contour Interval? 20 Elevation of "A"? 540 Elevation of "B"? 580

619

8. Index Contour Lines Every 4th or 5th contour line is thicker and bolder and the elevation is shown on the line

9. Depression contour lines show areas where land sinks down-represented by… Hachured contour lines

concerning hachured lines? What are the rules concerning hachured lines? first hachured line has same elevation as previous contour line

10. Rivers / Streams When a contour line crosses a river or stream they bend upstream Towards where the water comes from!!

top of the page, what direction If north is at the top of the page, what direction is this river flowing? south

Can a river flow north? yes!

All rivers and streams must flow DOWNHILL

11. Gradient shows how quickly the value changes from one point to another. How STEEP the hill or mountain is A steep (high) gradient- lines are close together. A gentle (low) gradient - lines are far apart. Gentle area Steep area

Gradient can be calculated using the formula  

What is the distance, in kilometers, from Kingston to Oswego? TAKE OUT YOUR ESRT’s!! What is the distance, in kilometers, from Kingston to Oswego? 266 km What is the distance, in miles, from Plattsburgh to Jamestown? 342 miles

gradient = change in elevation distance The elevation of Albany is 282 feet. The elevation at Binghamton is 1634 feet. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a ft/mi. Show all work. gradient = change in elevation distance = 1634-282 115 miles = 1352 ft 115 miles = 11.8 ft/mile

gradient = change in elevation distance The elevation of Watertown is 99m. The elevation at Oswego is 144m. Calculate the gradient to the nearest tenth of a m/km. Show all work. gradient = change in elevation distance = 144 - 99 75 km = 45 m 75 km = 0.6 m/km

gradient = change in temperature distance If the distance between the two circled cities is 425 km, calculate the temperature gradient to the nearest hundredth? Show all work. gradient = change in temperature distance = 82-48 425 = 34 425 = 0.08 °F/km

Practice drawing isolines

Highlight all the data points with the same value.

Fill in gaps in data.

Connect the dots.

Go on to the next value.

Now try Practice 2!!!!!

Topographic Profiles Profiles show the side view of the land

Please match the contour map on the left with the profile on the right.

What are the steps to draw a topographic profile place a piece of SCRAP paper between the 2 points MARK where every contour line touches the edge of the paper determine the elevation of each mark place the paper on the graph and PLOT the elevation of each contour line