GOVERNMENT UNIT 5 REVIEW

1. This court case established judicial review. Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

1. Answer Marbury v. Madison (John Marshall was the Chief Justice who said that Sec. of State Madison’s actions were unconstitutional)

2. When cases can only be heard in federal courts, they have this…

2. Answer Exclusive jurisdiction

3. The false and malicious use of the spoken word is called this…

3. Answer Slander

4. Evidence that is gained illegally by the police cannot be used against you in a court because of this…

4. Answer Exclusionary rule

5. This court case overturned Separate but Equal… Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

5. Answer Brown v. Board of Education (ruled that separate was not equal so it desegregated public schools and overturned the previous court case of Plessy v. Ferguson)

6. The opinion of the court that is the final decision.

7. Answer Majority opinion

8. This is a formal criminal charge after agreeing that there is enough evidence.

8. Answer Indictment (a Grand Jury decides whether there is enough evidence to go on with a trial, if there is, they hand down an indictment)

9. This is a court order that brings a prisoner before the court.

9. Answer Writ of Habeas Corpus

10. This court case requires all defendants be provided with an attorney, even if they can’t afford one. Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

10. Answer Gideon v. Wainwright

11. This type of jury decides whether you are guilty or innocent.

11. Answer Petit Jury

12. This type of case deals with non-criminal issues.

12. Answer Civil case (this would be like a divorce case. The other type of case is a criminal case that has to do with breaking the law)

13. This court case expanded the exclusionary rule to the states Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

13. Answer Mapp v. Ohio (evidence was obtained without a warrant against a woman who had lewd material)

14. Courts in which a case is first heard has this…

14. Answer Original jurisdiction

15. This forbids the government from supporting a particular religion or religious beliefs…

15. Answer Establishment Clause (Part of the 1st Amendment which also includes the Free Exercise Clause that protects our individual religious rights)

16. This court case removed prayer from public schools Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

16. Answer Engle v. Vitale

17. Wearing an armband to protest something in school is an example of…

17. Answer Symbolic Speech

18. With evidence a police officer can gain a search warrant because he had…

18. Answer Probable Cause

19. This opinion agrees with the majority opinion, but makes different points or has different reasoning.

19. Answer Concurring opinion

20. This court case established the implied powers and the supremacy clause. Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

20. Answer McCulloch v. Maryland

21. Federal judges are appointed for a term of…

21. Answer Life (until they retire or die during their term)

22. This is the court of last resort in all cases.

22. Answer Supreme Court

23. A written statement that is each party’s argument for their case is called this.

23. Answer Brief (each side gives their brief to the justices to show their side of the argument.) Sometimes a 3rd party will get involved and give the justices an Amicus Curiae Brief as a “friend of the court” to help them make their decision.

24. This court case provided the right to choose for women, which legalized abortion. Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

24. Answer Roe v. Wade

25. This requires employers and colleges to positively help remedy past discriminations.

25. Answer Affirmative Action

26. This is the promoting or advocating of a violent revolution or overthrow of our government.

26. Answer Sedition (this is not protected by the first amendment right to freedom of speech)

27. This court case established the guidelines to determine if a law violates the separation of church and state. Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

27. Answer Lemon v. Kurtzman (set up the test to see if using tax $ for parochial schools violated the Establishment clause.

28. This is a case that can be held in a state or federal court.

28. Answer Concurrent jurisdiction

29. This court case allows schools to search because of “reasonable suspicion” Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

29. Answer New Jersey v. TLO (says school officials can search lockers, backpacks, etc. without a warrant in order to keep the rest of students safe).

30. This court case says that the police need to read your rights, “you have the right to remain silent” Brown v. Board of Education Engle v. Vitale Gideon v. Wainwright Lemon v. Kurtzman Mapp v. Ohio Marbury v. Madison McCulloch v. Maryland Miranda v. Arizona New Jersey v. TLO Plessy v. Ferguson Roe v. Wade

30. Answer Miranda v. Arizona

31. These federal courts hear the most cases.

31. Answer The 94 District Courts

32. The Supreme Court hears mostly what kind of cases?

32. Answer Appeals cases (to determine whether the defendants rights have been violated, or an action of the government is unconstitutional)

33. When a Supreme Court Justice makes a decision based on a previous decision in a similar court case it is called using what?

33. Answer Precedent

34. These appellate courts are set up in one of 12 regions across the U.S.

34. Answer US Court of Appeals (they hear the appeals cases from the 94 district courts – map on 529)

35. When the government censors information before it is published, it is called this.

35. Answer Prior restraint