Female Genital Cutting: An Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Management for the Primary Care Physician Adelaide A. Hearst, MD, Alexandra M. Molnar,

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Female Genital Cutting: An Evidence-Based Approach to Clinical Management for the Primary Care Physician Adelaide A. Hearst, MD, Alexandra M. Molnar, MD Mayo Clinic Proceedings Volume 88, Issue 6, Pages 618-629 (June 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.004 Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Distribution of female genital cutting or mutilation (FGC/M) in Africa. From the United Nations Children's Fund,18 with permission. DHS = Demographic Health Survey; MICS = Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey; UNICEF = United Nations Children's Fund. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 88, 618-629DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.004) Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Types of female genital cutting (FGC). A, Tissue removed in type 1 FGC: partial or total removal of the clitoris and/or the prepuce (clitoridectomy). B, Appearance after type 1 FGC. C, Tissue removed in type 2 FGC: partial or total removal of the clitoris and the labia minora, with or without excision of the labia majora (excision). D, Appearance after type 2 FGC. E, Tissue removed in type 3 FGC: narrowing of the vaginal orifice with creation of a covering seal by cutting and appositioning the labia minora and/or the labia majora, with or without excision of the clitoris (infibulation). F, Appearance after type 3 FGC. Illustrations reproduced with permission from the artist, Jessica Stanton, MD. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 2013 88, 618-629DOI: (10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.04.004) Copyright © 2013 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research Terms and Conditions