The Ottoman Empire

Rise of the Ottoman Turks In the late 13th century, a new group of Turks began to build power Their leader was Osman

Rise of the Ottoman Turks In the 14th century, the Osman Turks began expanding This was the beginning of the Ottoman dynasty

Rise of the Ottoman Turks They expanded west and eventually controlled the Bosporus and the Dardanelles They connect the Black and Aegean Seas Great trade routes In the 14th century, the Ottomans expanded to the Balkans

Rise of the Ottoman Turks Ottoman rulers took the title of sultan Supreme ruler in both political and military matters (absolutists) They built a strong military by developing an elite guard called janissaries.

Rise of the Ottoman Turks They began to master firearms. Became a gunpowder empire Their success was based mainly on their use of gunpowder

Expansion of the Empire Under the leadership of Mehemet II, the Ottomans took the Byzantine capital of Constantinople

Expansion of the Empire Renamed it Istanbul and made it the Ottoman capital

Western Asia and Africa By 1517, the Ottomans controlled Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Arabia Giving control of several holy cities of Islam (Jerusalem, Makkah)

Western Asia and Africa Sultan Selim I declared himself as caliph and successor to Muhammad Defender of Islamic faith

Western Asia and Africa The Ottomans preferred to administer the conquered lands through local rulers called pashas Collected taxes, maintained law and order, and responsible to the sultan’s court

Europe During the reign of Süleyman I, the Ottomans attacked Europe Conquered Hungary, Austria, and advanced as far as Vienna

Europe They were defeated when they reached Vienna A large Ottoman fleet was destroyed by the Spanish in 1571 For 100 years, they didn’t try to conquer anymore land

Europe In 1683 they attempted to attack Vienna again, but were crushed by European forces The Ottomans would never be a threat to central Europe again

Problems in the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire reached its height under Süleyman the Magnificent After he died, sultans became less involved and allowed ministers to exercise more power Soon government became corrupt, and taxes rose