Issues in Implementing Technology Teaching and Learning with Technology Chapter 13 Issues in Implementing Technology This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

Planning and Implementing Technology Due to cost/complexity, districts create formal strategic technology plan Teachers need to be aware of the issues beyond technical ones: Legal Social Ethical

Issues in Educational Technology Legal Copyright and fair use Privacy Acceptable use Software piracy Social Digital divide Ethical Freedom of speech Privacy Academic dishonesty

Legal Issues Copyright and Fair Use Copyright protects interest of individual who created intellectual property: writings, graphics, photos, music, etc. Fair use guidelines determine when a teacher can legally use copyrighted material TEACH Act offers similar guidelines for DE

Legal Issues Determining Fair Use Purpose and character of use Nature of copyrighted work Amount and sustainability of portion used Effect of the use on the work’s marketability

Legal Issues Using copyrighted materials Use only in face-to-face teaching If DE, follow TEACH guidelines Limit copying to small portions of copyrighted work Avoid making unnecessary copies Include copyright notice and attribute work Limit use to single class, single year

Legal Issues Privacy Every child has a right to privacy Parents must give permission for student information to be shared Ease of sharing information with technology can lead to abuse Teachers must protect student privacy

Legal Issues Steps to Ensure Privacy Comply with your school’s policies and procedures Get parental permission before putting student work and/or pictures on a web site Protect children’s information: name, age, location, etc.

Legal Issues Steps to Ensure Privacy Avoid storing students’ personal information and files on unprotected computers Encourage every child to store his/her work on a removable storage device rather than easily accessible hard drives

Legal Issues Legislation Protecting Children COPPA (Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act) addresses privacy issues CIPA (Children’s Internet Protection Act) went further, established Internet policies to protect children in libraries ADA (American’s with Disabilities Act) deals with equal access and guidelines to help technology meet all students’ needs

Legal Issues Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) Districts’ acceptable use policies define appropriate uses of school computers Teachers must ensure appropriate use of technology in their classrooms Teachers should be aware of and enforce AUPs

Legal Issues Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) Teachers ensure acceptable use: Review AUPs with your students Ask students and parents to sign Code of Ethics Monitor Internet use and use filtering software

Legal Issues Software Piracy Copying or installing software on more than one computer is normally copyright violation and illegal (same with CDs, DVDs) Site license allows installation on multiple computers subject to license Network administrators often monitor licensing on network and attached individual computers

Social Issues The Digital Divide Inequities of access have created technological “haves” and “have-nots” Gap often related to socioeconomic status, ethnic group, gender, and education levels Teachers can design activities that help bridge the gap and reduce technological inequities

Social Issues Cyberbullying Playground bullying has entered cyberspace Defined as incident: “where the Internet, cell phones, or other devices used to send or post text or images to hurt or embarrass another person” Widespread problem, estimated 43% of students have been victims

Ethical Issues Online social interaction The Web offers tremendous opportunities for social interaction Immature children and teens may be at risk Information, words, and images (e.g., sexting) do not go away and may be seen by unintended viewers Teachers need to teach and encourage appropriate positive online social interaction

Ethical Issues Freedom of Speech Internet content not regulated Materials posted may be objectionable or inappropriate Net is an open forum for free speech: Should expression be regulated? Does the government have the right to do so? Although controversy continues, schools must control access to appropriate areas

Ethical Issues Privacy What is the appropriate balance between privacy and monitoring of activity? When is it OK to monitor where people go and what they do on the Internet? School’s responsibility is to: Ensure students’ safety Publish and enforce AUPs

Ethical Issues Academic Dishonesty Ease of manipulating and sharing information increased dishonest use of work Cheating and plagiarizing further facilitated by web sites that post and share work Teachers and schools need clear policies dealing with digital dishonesty

Ethical Issues Teachers’ Role in Technology Are key stakeholders Can implement best technology for students and themselves Have critical role dealing with legal, ethical, and social issues of implementing technology Must keep up to date as technology evolves to utilize it and to address issues it creates

Ethical Issues Resources for Teachers Schools’ media and/or technology specialists can help address digital issues They have wealth of knowledge and skills and usually enthusiastic support to provide to teachers

Emerging Technology Wireless Connectivity Rapid improvement making wireless availability commonplace WiFi (wireless fidelity) technology provide networking for campus and public wireless networks Retrofitting schools with cables will cease to be necessary

Emerging Technology Wireless Connectivity Bluetooth technology Personal area networks (PANs) created automatically Various types of devices can be connected together wirelessly No more limitations by length of cables

Emerging Technology Virtual Environments Fully rendered 3-D environments in which the user is immersed As the technology progresses: Development of full sensory environments will address all learning preferences Students will be able to take virtual field trips

Emerging Technology Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence - programs that work like the human brain Neural networks, fuzzy logic, and expert systems are examples of AI These tools exist and, when evolved, will be significant

Emerging Technology Wiki Refers to a web site written collaboratively Vandalism may occur, but the community corrects problems quickly Schools can create wiki sites for brainstorming, collaboration, debate, projects, and/or sharing resources

Emerging Technology Grid Computing Multiple computers join together to share resources and computing power The fastest dedicated computer in the world is a 900,000 computer grid Peer-to-peer networking is another example of grid computing

Emerging Technology Displays Flexible organic light-emitting devices (FOLEDs) can be any size and even rolled. Electronic paper - film with beads of ink that electrical current makes turn over to form letters, graphics, pictures. Erasable and rewritable Size and weight of a transparency

Emerging Technology Wearable Computers Computers built into clothing or worn like a pin or around the neck Devices could offer information about environment, reminders, and data on demand Current examples are heads-up-displays and small computers for special needs students

Emerging Technology Convergence Blending technologies into a single multipurpose technology In schools, convergence will mean: Better use of limited resources, since less equipment will need to be acquired Less time and resources spent in training on diverse equipment Easier integration of equipment into the classroom

Emerging Technology Computers as Appliances Digital technology becoming common as a household appliances, schools must keep up with societal change Pocket or tablet PCs will allow instant access from anywhere Instruction will need to accommodate more opportunities and greater access

Emerging Issues Computer Literacy Effectively using computer will become as essential a skill as reading Computer literacy will be an entry-level skill and will not have to be taught Computer-enhanced instruction will be easier to integrate into lessons

Emerging Issues Decentralized Instruction Instruction may change as technology broadens the ways it can be delivered Classroom walls will give way to virtual communities of learners Master teachers from around the world may come together to team teach Schools will no longer be isolated

Emerging Issues Changing Role of the Teacher Technology will not replace teachers, teachers must design instruction using technology Digital-age curriculum may look very different from contemporary curriculum Global collaboration and ever-expanding resources will benefit students