COLLEGE OF PUBLIC HEALTH AND HUMAN SCIENCES Preliminary examination of the socioeconomic and housing factors that influence exposure to flame-retardants (FRs) in passive samplers worn by preschool-aged children in Oregon Kenneth Willard Collaborators: Kim Anderson, PhD, Shannon Lipscomb, PhD, Megan McClelland, PhD, Megan MacDonald, PhD, Molly Kile, ScD 1/14/2019

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Chemicals of concern Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether 1/14/2019

Orientation influences exposure PENTA OCTA DECA 1/14/2019

Orientation influences exposure PENTA OCTA DECA 1/14/2019

Where they are found 1/14/2019

Where they are found 1/14/2019

Where they are found 1/14/2019

Exposures are greater in North America 2 things to take away are that there has been a clear increase in human PBDE loads since PBDEs were added into manufacturing processes and that NA has a much higher average load than other locations PBDE Concentrations in Human breast milk (Hites, 2004) 1/14/2019

Exposures have dropped since TB117 revision Important to note that California banned all PBDE uses in manufacturing in 2003-2004. These numbers are from SF bay hospital PBDE Concentrations in Human serum (Zota, 2013) 1/14/2019

Replacement FRs were also examined TCPP TPP TCEP TDCPP 1/14/2019

Aim and hypotheses To explore the various housing and socioeconomic factors that could influence the loading rate of brominated and replacement flame retardants in pre-school aged children using silicone based passive samplers developed at Oregon State University.

Study Design # of children sampled: 93 Locations: Bend and Corvallis, Oregon Characteristics to be examined: Income Vacuuming and mopping Mattress and pillow type Floor type and carpet coverage Size and age of home Statistical methods: ANOVAS and t-tests 1/14/2019

Passive sampling bracelets allow for easy exposure assays Interplay study. (photo by Karl Maasdam) 1/14/2019

What is a p-value? http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/P-value_Graph.png 1/14/2019

The communities tested: Bend and Corvallis, Oregon 1/14/2019

Initial tests showed no significant difference between the communities PBDE 47 (ng/g*d) PBDE 99 PBDE 153 PBDE 154 Bend 16.138 12.5782 1.32702 1.04736 Corvallis 20.644 10.299 1.00643 1.00 P- Values 0.1691 0.1759 0.41197 0.40402 These values are ngPBDE/gPassiveSampler per days worn 1/14/2019

Initial tests showed no significant difference between the communities TCEP (ng/g*d) TCPP TDCPP TPP Bend 2.337 3.411 4.585 4.073 Corvallis 2.240 3.233 4.467 4.134 P- Values 0.624 0.547 0.623 0.841 These values are ngClFRs/gPassiveSampler per days worn 1/14/2019

= p-value< .05 * = p-value < .1 Groups: less than $22,000(n=17), $22,001-70,000(n=32) and greater than $70,001(n=28) 1/14/2019

Trends in income 1/14/2019

Trends in income 1/14/2019

Groups: 0-4 times/month(n=37), 5-8(n=25) and 9+(n=15) 1/14/2019

Trends in vacuuming 1/14/2019

Groups: Once a week or less (x<4/month)(n=53), More than once a week (n>5/month) (n=22) 1/14/2019

Groups: Foam/Synthetic(n=42), Down(n=3), Mixture(n=14), Unsure(n=18) *

Groups: Foam(n=15), Spring (n=49), Mix/unsure (n=13) 1/14/2019

Groups: Wood (n=5), Carpet (n=5), Mixture (n=66) 1/14/2019

Groups: 0-25%(n=19), 26-50% (n=16), 51-75% (n=11), 76-100% (n=31) 1/14/2019

= p-value< .05 * = p-value < .1 Groups:0-1000 sqft (n=13), 1001-1500 (n=19), 1501-2000 (n=15), 2001-2500 (n=12), 2500+ (n=10) 1/14/2019

Groups: pre-1975(n=16), 1976-2005(n=26), and 2006+(n=11) 1/14/2019

Strengths and Limitations Able to characterize over 40 FRs in a single study Attrition rate of bands under 15% Limitations Relatively small sample sizes for some characteristics Questionnaire was vague in some areas 1/14/2019

Conclusion There is no significant difference in the concentrations of FRs being loaded on to silicone bands between Bend and Corvallis, Oregon Income has a potential impact on the exposure of pre-school aged children to flame-retardants Vacuuming may impact the exposure to flame-retardants

Future research Climate effects on PBDE distribution More research needs to be done in examining the effects of vacuuming on the exposures of people to FRs A larger sample of different pillow types to determine their potential to act as reservoirs of FRs More from the interplay study: More info on the human toxicological impact Dust exposures will be looked at 1/14/2019

Acknowledgements Dr. Molly Kile, for being a great mentor and introducing me to the world of environmental chemistry and sampling Jennifer Pryzbyla, Phd candidate, lab manager. Dr. Kim Anderson, and all of her lab employees for their great analytical work OSU Environmental Health Science Center and the NIEHS grant for providing the funding 1/14/2019

Questions? 1/14/2019