Brief Response New homes and business opportunities, a fresh start away from the East. Conflict with Mexico. Land that new states will be created from California will be a rich new state

The Market Revolution p. 139

Today’s goal The market revolution was the beginning of great economic change in the US. New markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions changed and expanded the 19th-century American economy. Work places and their conditions changed. Workers struggled to keep up with change and improve their economic security.

Vocabulary Market Revolution Americans increasingly bought and sold goods, many made by US manufacturers, rather than make them for themselves. Images: Cider making for marketing in cities Stove ad for American homes…. Store fronts and market streets in growing towns and cities Coal mining to feed industry and home needs Railroads to bring resources to factories, and people to growing regions. Currency and banking system to provide the necessary cash.

Free enterprise Private businesses are allowed to operate competitively for profit with little government regulation.

Entrepreneurs People who start a business using their own money and/or investors’ money. They risk failure and loss of huge amounts of money, as well as prison, in order to succeed and gain huge amounts of money.

Samuel F.B. Morse 1837, developed and patented the telegraph. Sent messages in code, by electric wire. Up to date price and sales information could be sent by businesses Railroads used it to move regularly and safely. In 14 years there were 23,000 miles of wire in the US.

Lowell Textile Mills Factories making string and fabric. Francis Cabot Lowell built them in Massachusetts. He used female employees: abundant source of labor, could pay lower wages than men Better pay than teaching, sewing, domestic work 12-hour work day or longer Dark, hot, cramped work locations.

strike A work stoppage by employees to force an employer to respond to worker demands. In the Lowell strike workers lost and had to go back to work at lower wages, leaders were fired. In the beginning the company usually won Workers had no unions, no organization No large treasuries to support a strike. Could be arrested for organizing

immigration Leaving one country to live and work in another. Three million came between 1845 and 1854. One million were Irish, escaping the starvation of the Great Potato Famine. Faced Nativist anger and hatred from locals Competition for jobs (lowered wages) Irish were Catholic Christians (Local Americans were mostly protestant Christians.

National Trade’s Union 1834, trade (specialized workers) unions from many towns began working together Different trades joined together Opposed by bankers, owners, and investors. Government favored owners Courts ruled unions and strikes illegal

Commonwealth v. Hunt 1842, Massachusetts Supreme Court rules in favor of workers. They have the right to strike.

End hwk Begin class work

p . 140, Synthesizing Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

p. 141, Summarizing Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving the means of transportation and communication. Inventions such as John Deere’s steel plow and the Cyrus McCormick’s reaper also improved farming in the midwest.

p. 142, Making Inferences Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way they they regarded their machinery. They were to be maintained for as little money as possible to get the maximum production. They would be discarded when no longer of any use.

p. 142, Summarizing Workers were not well organized They had little public support Strikers could be fired and easily replaced.

p. 143, 3, Analyzing Issues Manufactured items cost less than hand-made. Opportunities for women expanded Traditional families were breaking up.

p. 143, 4, Analyzing Primary Sources Inventors, such as Samuel Morse, would probably marvel at the progress of technology today. Farmers may have been grateful for new machinery. Many could not afford the equipment Many went into great debt to cover costs Laborers and factory workers might have pointed out how machinery made their lives more difficult with poor working conditions.

Image Analysis When do you think the image was made (the actual event or now)? Explain. How does the author connect the telegraph to the American infrastructure and economy? (three examples). Is the author for or against business development in America? Explain.

Image Analysis When do you think the image was made (the actual event or now)? Explain. Made during the actual event as the illustration is done in the way of publications then. The topic was important then—this is like an ad/propaganda.

Image Analysis How does the author connect the telegraph to the American infrastructure and economy? (three examples). Tape says: “one and inseparable”; “liberty and union now and forever” Busy railroads Busy shipping Busy factories

Image Analysis Is the author for or against business development in America? Explain For: The telegrapher is busy and confident The tape messages are proud and hopeful The industry (that makes America great) is thriving

Brief Response How did America change because of the Market Revolution?