Noun Review 1st/2nd declensions Aug. 29, 2012

Latin Nouns Have 4 Features Case---how a noun works in its sentence. Number---whether a noun is singular or plural (singular=one, plural=more than one) Gender---whether a noun is masculine, feminine, or neuter. Declension---each noun belongs to one of the 5 declensions (groups of nouns that share the same pattern of endings)

In Latin, the use of the noun is determined by its case ending, not its place in the sentence. There are five cases: Nominative - subject and predicate nominative Genitive – possession Dative - indirect object Accusative - direct object Ablative – (various)

1st Declension Nouns aqua, aquae (feminine) :water 1st declension nouns end in –ae in their genitive form (the 2nd form listed in the vocab list). Most 1st declension nouns are feminine. aqua, aquae (feminine) :water

Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: Puella puellae, f. girl Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominative singular Puellae – ae = puell Noun Stem

In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Write these down! (Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative a ae Genitive ae arum Dative ae is Accusative am as Ablative a is Example: insularum = plural genitive

Step 2: Add the case endings to the noun stem. Singular Plural Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative On your whiteboard, decline the following 2 nouns: via, viae (f.) and aqua, aquae (f.)

2nd Declension Nouns 2nd declension nouns end in –i in the genitive singular. Most 2nd declension nouns are masculine or neuter. Let’s learn how to decline a 2nd declension noun on its “declension chart.”

Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Step 1 – Find the noun stem The noun stem is found by dropping the genitive singular ending from the noun. Dictionary entry of a noun: servus servi, m. slave Meaning Genitive singular Gender Nominative singular servi – i = serv- Noun Stem

In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. Write these down! (Masc. Endings) Case Singular Plural Nominative -us/-er/-ir -i Genitive -i -orum Dative -o -is Accusative -um -os Ablative -o -is

Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis In Latin, the endings indicate the case of the noun. servus, servi (m.) --- slave Case Singular Plural Nominative servus servi Genitive servi servorum Dative servo servis Accusative servum servos Ablative servo servis Your turn! Try equus, equi (m.) --- horse

Nominative factum facta Genitive facti factorum Dative facto factis 2nd declension neuter nouns have 3 different endings than masculine. factum, facti (n.) --- deed Case Singular Plural Nominative factum facta Genitive facti factorum Dative facto factis Accusative factum facta Ablative facto factis Your turn! Try templum, templi (n.) --- temple