Heme-Scavenging Role of α1-Microglobulin in Chronic Ulcers

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Heme-Scavenging Role of α1-Microglobulin in Chronic Ulcers Maria Allhorn, Bo Åkerström Journal of Investigative Dermatology Volume 121, Issue 3, Pages 640-646 (September 2003) DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 α1m in wound fluids and plasma. Twelve samples of wound fluid (A) and plasma, diluted 200×(B) indicated with numbers 3 to 14, each 10 μg total protein, were applied on SDS–PAGE, 3% to 12%, and immunoblotted using polyclonal anti-sera against α1m. Samples from one patient were collected during three visits (corresponding to lane numbers 1–3). Number 15 on (A) displays a normal plasma sample. Molecular weight standards (in kDa) are indicated to the left. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 α1m and t-α1m purified from wound fluids.α1m from 100 μL wound fluid, collected from each of three patients with chronic leg ulcers, were purified by affinity chromatography on a column with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against α1m. The eluates (lanes 1–3) were electrophoresed on 10% SDS–PAGE under reducing conditions and immunoblotted with anti-α1m (A) and anti-LIPR (B). Lane 4 shows plasma α1m and lane 5 corresponds to t-α1m, obtained by incubation of plasma α1m with erythrocyte membranes as described (Allhorn et al, 2002). Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Cleavage of exogenously added α1m in wound fluid. One becquerel of 125I-plasma α1m (A) or 125I-IgA-α1m (B) was added to wound fluid, 5 μg total proteins, in PBS. Lanes 1 and 2 correspond to samples before and after addition of wound fluids, respectively. After 1 h incubation at room temperature, the samples were separated by SDS–PAGE. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Binding of [14C]heme to α1m in wound fluid. Wound fluid (1.5 μL=15 μg protein), with added 45 pmol plasma α1m (1.5 μg), was incubated with 15 pmol [14C]heme in PBS, 0.05% Tween (lane 1). In lane 2, the same amount (45 pmol) of purified plasma α1m was incubated with [14C]heme (15 pmol) without wound fluid. As a control, 45 pmol human albumin was incubated with 15 pmol [14C]heme in 1.5 μL wound fluid (lane 3). The samples were incubated for 30 min and then applied to SDS–PAGE and the dried gel analyzed in a Fuji Bas 2000 Bio-imaging analyzer. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Binding of [14C]heme by α1m in HepG2 cells. (A) Medium from HepG2 cells, grown in the presence of 1 nmol [14C]heme, was immunoprecipitated with polyclonal antiα1m (lane 1) or anti-orosomucoid (lane 2). The α1m samples were then loaded on SDS–PAGE. (B) Five nanomol [14C]heme were added to HepG2 cells grown in medium supplemented with 10% FBS (lane 3) or 0.03 μM Na2SeO3 (lane 4). The medium was then purified on an affinity column with immobilized monoclonal antibodies against α1-m and the eluates analyzed by SDS–PAGE. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 Histochemical distribution of α1m, porphyrins, and free iron in chronic venous ulcers.α1m, porphyrins and iron in skin sections from chronic ulcers, acute wounds and normal skin, including epidermis and dermis. (A) α1m in normal skin (× 20). (B) α1m in skin from a patient with chronic ulcers (× 20). The sections were immunostained for α1m using polyclonal anti-serum against α1m followed by peroxidase/diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride incubation as described in Materials and Methods. α1m appears in high density in basement membranes and fibrins cuffs surrounding the blood vessels (arrows). (C, × 40) and (D, × 40) show porphyrins and iron depositions, respectively, in the tissue from chronic leg ulcers. Porphyrins were stained with Fouchet technique and iron with Perls' Prussian blue stain. High-density depositions are marked with arrows. (E) Porphyrin staining in the skin section from a patient with acute wound (× 40). The magnification bars in the lower-right corner in each panel represent 0.02 mm. FC, fibrin cuffs, v, vessel. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2003 121, 640-646DOI: (10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.12409.x) Copyright © 2003 The Society for Investigative Dermatology, Inc Terms and Conditions