Complete the following sheets on content you have covered this year.

B1 REVISION: Cell Structure Bacteria & Yeast Animal & Plant Cells Structure Purpose Plant/Animal/Both Controls the cells activities Cytoplasm Both Mitochondria Ribosomes Protein synthesis takes place Plant Contain chlorophyll, absorb light energy to make food Vacuole Where is the genetic material in a bacteria cell? How many cells make up yeast? Specialised Cells Microscope Cells are specialised to carry out a specific function. The structure gives a clue to its function. A plant cell in a photograph measures 15 mm across. If the actual size of the cell is 0.015 mm, what is the magnification in the photograph? How do you turn mm into micrometers? What is an electron microscope? KEY WORDS: Gland cells Nucleus Algal cell Cellulose Chloroplast ASSESSMENT: If a cell has many ribosomes it is making a lot of protein, which type of cell might it be?

B1 REVISION: Cell transport Describe active transport: How is it different to diffusion: Define diffusion and state where it occurs in the body? Draw a picture to explain how osmosis works: List keywords involved in Osmosis Describe the effects of osmosis in plant cells: Describe the how nutrients are absorbed in the gut RP – Osmosis Plan a practical do investigate osmosis. How can you increase the amount of diffusion? KEY WORDS: Solute Exchange surface Partially permeable Ventilated Osmosis Gaseous exchange Active transport Diffusion

B1 REVISION – Digestive system Proteins, Catalysts & Enzymes Factors Affecting Enzyme Action. RP - Enzymes Plan an investigation to determine the effect of temperature on amylase digestion. What are protein molecules made of? Give 3 examples of what proteins can be? What are enzymes and what do they do? The ___________ in a reaction can be held in the active site and either be connected to another molecule or be broken down. If the temperature gets too hot the enzyme stops working, the enzyme becomes ________________. Each enzyme works best at a particular _____ value. Speeding up Digestion Enzymes in Digestion Enzyme Reaction Amylase Protease Lipase What acid is produced from glands in the stomach? Which 2 enzymes work in the small intestine? The liver produces _____________ that is stored in the ____________. What does bile do? KEY WORDS: Denatured Bile Enzymes pH Cell/tissue/organ/organ system Amylase Organisation Organisation of organisms? 4

C1 REVISION – ATOMIC STRUCTURE Draw the symbol for sodium include its atomic mass and atomic number (what do they tell us) What are the charges and masses of electrons, protons and neutrons Define an ion Draw a Fluorine ion Define an isotope What is a mixture and how do you separate a mixture? Compare the following subatomic particles in these isotope. What happens to the properties? Draw the electronic configuration for argon Explain the history of the atom listing all the key Scientists. KEY WORDS: Electron Proton Neutron Shell Electronic Configuration Orbit ASSESSMENT:

C1 REVISION STRUCTURE & BONDING Fill in the gaps: When two elements react together they make a _________ substance called a_________. It is _________ to separate the elements after the reaction. Some atoms react by sharing electrons. We call this _________ bonding. Other atoms react by _________ or _________ electrons. We call this _________ bonding. When atoms react in this way they get the electronic structure of a _________ gas. Use pictures and words to describe each type of bonding: Ionic Covalent Metallic Fill in this table: Fill in this table of more complicated ions: Ionic Compound Ratio of ions in compound Formula of compound Sodium chloride Na+ : Cl- 1 : 1 Magnesium oxide MgO Ca2+: Cl- 1 : 2 CaCl2 Name of ion Formula of ion Example of compound hydroxide Calcium hydroxide, Ca(OH)2 NO3- Mg(NO3)2 CO32- Sodium carbonate Suphate CaSO4 KEY WORDS: Electronic structure Covalent bonding Ionic bonding Proton Electron Ion Giant structure (lattice) Metallic bonding ASSESSMENT:

C1 REVISION STRUCTURE & PROPERTIES IONIC COMPOUNDS What type of force holds the ions together? Draw a giant ionic lattice: Why do ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points? Why can ionic compounds conduct electricity when molten or dissolved in water? SIMPLE COVALENT MOLECULES How strong are the forces between covalent molecules? [intermolecular forces] How does this affect their melting and boiling point How strong are the forces between atoms in a covalent bond? [intramolecular bonds] GIANT METALLIC SUBSTANCES Why can metals be bent and shaped? Why do metals conduct electricity? Draw a structure of metallic bonds Describe the properties and structure of Diamond GIANT COVALENT SUBSTANCES Why is graphite slippery and conduct electricity? KEY WORDS: Giant ionic structures Intermolecular forces Macromolecules Fullerenes Shape memory alloys Polymers Thermosetting / Thermosoftening Nanoscience ASSESSMENT:

P1 REVISION – Energy transfer by heating Specific Heat Capacity Conduction What is a good conductor and why? What is a good insulator and why? Define thermal conductivity? Home insulation What is payback time? Loft insulation costs £600.00 including installation. It saves £80.00 per year on the fuel bill. How long is the payback time? Specific Heat Capacity – Required Practical Outline the practical to identify the SHC of an object Specific Heat Capacity The specific heat capacity of a substance is the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of the substance by 1 degree celsius. The equation for specific heat capacity is: E = m x c x θ What do the symbols stand for and what are the units for each? The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kgᵒC. How much energy is needed to raise the temperature of 2kg of water by 1ᵒC?

P1 REVISION – Electric Circuit Label these circuit components:   Series Parallel Current Voltage Link the component to the correct graph What is resistance? What is the equation for resistance? What is the rule for resistance in a series circuit? What is the rule for resistance in a parallel circuit? What is an equation that relates energy, time and potential difference. Describe what happens with LDR and thermistors, what are the symbols?

P1 REVISION – Radioactivity What is radiation? What causes background radiation? Give 3 uses of radioactivity, and a brief description of how they work: How did each of these scientists contribute to our understanding of radiation? Henri Becquerel: Marie Curie: Ernest Rutherford:   Penetrating power Deflection by magnetic field Deflection by electric field Alpha radiation () Beta radiation ( Gamma radiation ( Explain what half-life is: Fill in this table assuming there is a 10% decay every hour: Time from start (hours) 1 2 3 4 5 6 No. of unstable atoms 1000 900 477 No, of unstable atoms that decay in the next hour 100 90 48