AP Chemistry Unit 2 – Atoms, Molecules, and, Ions Day 6 – Unit 2 Quiz Review Day
Warm Up Take out: unit 2 assignment sheet (if you don’t have one, get one from front of room) Give yourself: A score on the completion of each assignment BE READY: TO SHOW ME ITEMS IN ORDER Time: 6 minutes When done: LOOK THROUGH CALCULATING ENERGY SHEET (IN BLUE BIN) and attempt any questions TIME: 4 MINUTES WHEN DONE: Check your answers with your table partners
AP Chemistry Agenda Emission spectrum and Planck’s Constant Practice (25 min) HUND’S RULE AND AUFBAU PRINCIPLE (10 min) Electron configuration and determining unpaired electrons (15 min) Naming ionic compounds and covalent molecules (15 min) Work time (20 min) – MAKE FLASHCARDS? NEXT CLASS: KAHOOT
Calculating Energy, Frequency, and Wavelength find: Hand out in the blue bin HIGHLIGHT OR CIRCLE: QUESTIONS YOU CAN DO Time: 3 minutes WHEN DONE: BE READY TO REVIEW ON DOCUMENT CAMERA
Aufbau principle, Hund’s rule, and determining unpaired electrons Pauli’s exclusion Principle: No two electrons can have the same quantum number. Aufbau principle: Every electron will form to be the “most stable” electron configuration, meaning that electrons will fill orbitals in the lowest energy orbital first, before moving to a higher energy orbital. Hund’s rule: If multiple orbitals have the same energy, One electron goes in each, before they begin to “double up”.
Aufbau principle
Aufbau principle
Which of the rules does each electron diagram violate? B C https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SoNIQjW5Zxs&feature=youtu.be Pauli’s Exclusion: 1.34 A- violates Hund’s B – Aufbau C- Pauli’s Exclusion (n =1, l=0, m(l)=0, m(s)=1/2
Electron configuration In atomic Physics and quantum chemistry is the distribution of electrons within atomic or molecular orbitals. s = 2 electrons p = 6 electrons d = 10 electrons f = 14 electrons
Electron configuration
Electron configuration
Electron configuration determining unpaired electrons Electron configuration of Mg (#12) 1s22s23p64s2 HOW MANY UNPAIRED ELECTRONS ARE THERE? NONE Energy Level/Shell # of e- in orbital Type of orbital
Electron configuration determining unpaired electrons Electron configuration of Ca (#20) 1s22s22p63s23p64s2 HOW MANY UNPAIRED ELECTRONS ARE THERE? NONE Electron configuration of Ti (#21) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d1 ONE
Electron configuration determining unpaired electrons Electron configuration of Ge (#32) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p2 HOW MANY UNPAIRED ELECTRONS ARE THERE? TWO Electron configuration of Se (#34) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p4
Electron configuration determining unpaired electrons Electron configuration of W (#74) _________ _________ SOMETHING LIKE THIS WOULD NOT BE ON AP EXAM WITHOUT AUFBAU DIAGRAM
Electron configuration determining unpaired electrons NOBLE GAS configuration of W (#74) NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATION: SHORT HAND FOR ELECTRON CONFIGURATION FIND NOBLE GAS BEFORE ATOMIC NUMBER WRITE IN BRACKETS CONTINUE ELECTRON CONFIGURATION NOBLE GAS CONFIGURATION FOR: P, Ba,Cu
RULES FOR NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS AND COVALENT MOLECULES IONIC COMPOUNDS FORMULA: DETERMINED BY CHARGE OF ION RATIO IONIC COMPOUND NAME: DETERMINED BY NAME OF CATION AND ANION (ONLY MULTIVALENT GET ROMAN NUMERAL)
RULES FOR NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS AND COVALENT MOLECULES COVALENT MOLECULE FORMULA: DETERMINED BY PRE-FIX IN NAME COVALENT COMPOUND NAME: DETERMINED BY PRE-FIX ASSOCIATED WITH NUMBER IN FORMULA (EXCEPTION: IF FIRST ATOM HAS ONLY ONE ATOM IN FORMULA, THEN STAYS THE SAME) Time: 3 minutes WHEN DONE: BE READY TO REVIEW ON DOCUMENT CAMERA
WHAT WILL YOU NEED TO KNOW FOR UNIT 2 WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW? Calculate isotopes Mass SpectroMETRY Dalton’s laws Empirical formulas AND NAMING COMPOUNDS Electron configurations (AUFBAU, HUND’S RULE) How to use Planck’s equation How to use beer’s law and explain how to determine the concentration of a food Dye in a beverage FROM Unit 1 Metric conversions Write name or formula of IONIC compound Memorize polyatomic ions More from this unit on mid-term (Oct 16)
WORK TIME use: the rest of class to review your notes (QUESTIONS IN MARGINS, CIRCLING KEY WORDS, SUMMARIES) Make: flash cards for covalent pre-fixes IF YOU HAVE A QUESTIONS, Ask: two or three, before me Time: 20 minutes When done: work on formal lab report (due by 11:59PM ON WED)