Overview of Chapter 9

9.1 Manipulating DNA Scientists can manipulate DNA to make more of it Bacteria have enzymes that can cut DNA into pieces Use these enzymes against viruses Enzymes cut DNA at “restriction sites”

Gel electrophoresis Runs DNA segments of different sizes through gel

How does it work? What are the charges at each end of each gel? What charge is the DNA going to be attracted to? Which DNA segments are going to travel faster through the gel? Smaller or larger?

9.2 Copying DNA Sometimes we only get a small sample of DNA at a time Crime scenes, mouth swabs, skin samples, etc, etc… What process is used to make more DNA from a small sample?

Polymerase Chain Reaction Commonly known as PCR

9.3 DNA fingerprinting This is what the CSI crew used to “analyze” the evidence Represents individual parts of a persons DNA Everyone’s DNA is different

Does this look familiar?

What it actually looks like…

DNA fingerprinting has many purposes What are some examples we could use DNA fingerprinting for?

9.4 Genetic Engineering What is the first thing that comes to mind when you think of genetic engineering? Why would we want to do these things in the first place?

Cloning

Recombinant DNA This is used to add genes from one organism to another The resulting organism is considered a GMO Genetically Modified Organism Transgenic

Other stuff Human Genome Project Genetic Screening and Gene Therapy Gene therapy is attempting to replace faulty genes.