REPLICATION, TRANSCRIPTION & TRANSLATION REVIEW Power point
1. Each organism has a unique combination of characteristics encoded in molecules of ________ DNA 2. Molecules of DNA are composed of long chains of _______ NUCLEOTIDES 3. ____ built models of DNA that demonstrated the double helix is held together by H bonds. Watson and Crick 4. Each nucleotide triplet of mRNA is called a ___________ CODON 5. The enzyme ________ unzips the DNA helix while the enzyme _______ builds new DNA molecules. Helicase, DNA Polymerase
6. Molecules of _____ carry the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosome. mRNA 7. During translation the ______ region of the tRNA binds to the complementary codon of mRNA. ANTICODON 8. Amino Acids attach to each other during translation by _____ PEPTIDE BONDS. 9. Name the type of bond strings nucleotides together ______. COVALENT BONDS. 10. Name the type of bond which bonds complementary bases together ______. HYDROGEN BONDS
11.The start codon is AUG and codes for the amino acid _____ METHIONINE 12. Name the type of bond that strings amino acids together ___ PEPTIDE BONDS 13. ____ are the “junk DNA” which is edited out of the mRNA. INTRONS 14. How many nucleotides code for an Amino Acid? 3 Nucleotide= Codon 15. Where does transcription and translation occur? Transcription= Nucleus Translation= Cytoplasm on a Ribosome 16. How many stop codons are there? 3 stop codons
17. What the 3 parts of a nucleotide? Sugar, Nitrogen Base, Phosphate Group 18. List 3 ways RNA differs from DNA? 1. Single Stranded, 2. Ribose= Sugar 3. Uracil instead of Thymine 19. What is the function of rRNA? To make ribosomes 20. What is the function of tRNA? To transport Amino Acids from the cytoplasm to the Ribosome 21.What is the function of mRNA? Transmit the message of DNA to the Ribosome 22. What occurs during transcription? DNA is transcribed to RNA
23. What occurs during translation? mRNA, rRNA and tRNA function together to bring Amino Acids together to make proteins. 24. tRNA: UGA UCC AGC Write the amino acid sequence: mRNA: ACU AGG UCG Threonine- Arginine- Serine 25. DNA: TAC CGT GAT TAA Write the amino acid sequence: mRNA strand: AUG GCA CUA AUU Methionine- Alanine- Leucine- Isoleucine 26. DNA complementary strand: ACA GGG CAT TAA Write the amino acid sequence: Template strand: TGT- CCC- GTA- ATT mRNA strand: ACA- GGG- CAU- UAA Amino Acid: Threonine- Glycine- Histadine- Stop
27. mRNA: AUG CAC UAC UGA Write the amino acid sequence Methionine- Histadine- Tyrosine- Stop 28.Describe the function of a Promoter and a Terminator. Promotor- to tell RNA Polymerase to begin synthesizing the RNA strand. Terminator- to tell RNA Polymerase to break off the DNA template strand. 29. Why is it important to have multiple Replications of Origin on a single DNA molecule? To make DNA replication or RNA transcription occur faster 30. Who is credited for discovering the structure of DNA? Watson and Crick