IB Biology Monika Siekelova DNA profiling IB Biology Monika Siekelova

PCR-Polymerase Chain Reaction DNA is copied to produce many copies of the original molecules. This is helpful when very small quantities are found in a sample and larger amounts are needed. Samples can be amplified using PCR PCR is carried out at high temperatures using enzyme from Thermus aquaticus

Gel Electrophoresis Method of separating mixtures of proteins, DNA or other molecules. Electric field is applied to the gel. Depending on their charge they move in different direction. The rate of movement depends on size and charge.

DNA profiling Satellite DNA are short sequences of bases that are repeated many times. It varies greatly between different individuals in the number of repeats. It is copied by PCR and cut into short fragments using restriction enzymes. Gel electrophoresis can be used to separate pieces of DNA according to their charge and size This technique, DNA profiling is applied in forensics and investigating paternity.