Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3 Atoms and Elements 3.1 Classification of Matter Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Matter Matter is the “stuff” that makes up all things. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Pure Substances A pure substance is classified as matter with a specific composition. an element when composed of one type of atom. a compound when composed of two or more elements combined in a definite ratio.

Elements Elements are pure substances that contains atoms of only one type. Copper, Cu Lead, Pb Aluminum, Al Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Compounds Compounds contain two or more elements in a definite ratio. Salt (NaCl) Table sugar (C12H22O11) Water (H2O) Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Elements in a Compound “Table salt” is a compound that contains the elements sodium and chlorine. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Mixtures A mixture is a type of matter that consists of two or more substances that are physically mixed, not chemically combined. two or more substances in different proportions. substances that can be separated by physical methods.

Physical Separation of A Mixture Example: Pasta and water are separated with a strainer.

Homogeneous Mixtures In a homogeneous mixture, the composition is uniform throughout. the different parts of the mixture are not visible. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Heterogeneous Mixtures In a heterogeneous mixture, the composition of substances is not uniform. the composition varies from one part of the mixture to another. the different parts of the mixture are visible. Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Classification of Matter

Learning Check Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. A. pasta and tomato sauce B. aluminum foil C. helium D. air

Solution Identify each of the following as a pure substance or a mixture. A. pasta and tomato sauce mixture B. aluminum foil pure substance C. helium pure substance D. air mixture

Learning Check Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: A. hot fudge sundae B. shampoo C. sugar water D. peach pie

Solution Identify each of the following as a homogeneous or heterogeneous mixture: A. hot fudge sundae heterogeneous mixture B. shampoo homogeneous mixture C. sugar water homogeneous mixture D. peach pie heterogeneous mixture