Monday Warm-Up Welcome Back! Open your notebook to “The War at Home” handout. (the one with the bubbles) Please complete the last bubble that says “Transition to Peace Time”. The answers can be found on page 217 of your coach book in the last paragraph.

GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT EARLY DAYS OF THE COLD WAR After WW II, the U.S. and the Soviet Union (USSR) emerged as rival superpowers. The Cold War (1945-1989) was a state of hostility, without direct military conflict, between the U.S. and the USSR. The U.S. and the USSR competed for influence around the world, especially in third world countries. The Cold War had a huge impact on domestic politics, policies, and actions in both countries.

GENERAL STATEMENTS ABOUT EARLY DAYS OF THE COLD WAR The Cold War led to an arms race, particularly the development of more powerful nuclear weapons. The Cold War greatly impacted the foreign policy decisions of Presidents Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy.

BEGINNING OF COLD WAR WWII had created distrust between US and USSR USSR devastated by WWII USSR wanted a weak Germany and control of countries on its western border

BEGINNING OF COLD WAR Post WWII, US controlled 50% of world’s wealth. US had fought for democracy and wanted to expand it’s influence into Europe. Churchill warns of an “iron curtain” descending across Europe, dividing free and communist controlled countries.

UNITED NATIONS At Yalta, formation of a world peacekeeping organization was agreed on October 1945, United Nations comes into existence US and USSR often at odds

TRUMAN DOCTRINE US to help Greece and Turkey combat Soviet influence Based on idea of containment US, as a democracy, had a duty to resist communism and prevent communism from spreading across the globe

MARSHALL PLAN US would help Europe rebuild by loaning money An attempt to stop spread of communism A strong Europe would be beneficial for trade with the US

CRISIS IN GERMANY Tensions grow in Germany and Berlin between Allies and Soviets. Allies combine their sections against Soviet Union Soviets sealed off West Berlin and turned off its power

BERLIN AIRLIFT For next 11 months, US and British planes delivered supplies to West Berlin At times planes landed every 45 seconds day and night Blockade was a disaster for Soviets and a triumph for Allies

NATO vs. Warsaw Pact NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Military alliance between US/Canada and western Europe Form to fight Soviet aggression Soviets countered by forming Warsaw Pact. This tied eastern Europe to Soviets

COMMUNISM IN CHINA Post WWII civil war in China U.S. supports Nationalists led by Chiang Kai-shek Communists led by Mao Zedong, take control US saw this as another step toward worldwide communism US failed to understand situation in China

KOREAN WAR After WWII, Korea is split like Germany Korean War was about who would control a unified Korea, started by N. Korea UN police action to stop war Truman fires Gen. Macarthur Truman believed in limited war War ended in a stalemate that still exists

BEGINNING OF THE ARMS RACE Soviets explode A-bomb, then U.S. detonates an H-bomb John Foster Dulles urges brinkmanship with new leader of Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev.

“Duck and cover”

Francis Gary Powers and U-2 incident Soviet satellite Sputnik COLD WAR IN THE SKIES Francis Gary Powers and U-2 incident Soviet satellite Sputnik

FEAR OF COMMUNISM IN U.S. House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)‏ Members of the committee looking for communists

The Hollywood Ten The ten men were convicted of contempt. Their appeals of course were denied, all served prison terms of up to one year.

Spy Cases Feed Fear of Communism Ethel and Julius Rosenberg > Alger Hiss

Senator Joseph McCarthy MCCARTHYISM McCarthy claimed that Communists were taking over the government and that Democrats were guilty of treason for allowing it to happen. Senator Joseph McCarthy Fear of Communism made many Americans willing to give up their constitutional rights.

TROUBLE IN THE MIDDLE EAST EGYPT Eisenhower Doctrine is formed to help any Middle-East country defend itself against communism. DOMINO THEORY IS FORMED Fear Against the Military Industrial Complex

COLD WAR IN CUBA Castro led revolution in Cuba to end US control of Cuban economy US biz had benefitted as most Cubans lived in poverty Castro, spurned by the US, turns to Soviets for help US now worried about communism in Cuba Bay of Pigs: secret US mission to oust Castro

CUBAN MISSILE CRISIS 1962: US finds Soviet missiles in Cuba Oct. 1962: world on brink of nuclear war Soviets back down, remove missiles Both sides see the need to accept each other’s power and negotiate

Seen as a symbol of the cold war 1961: Soviets start construction of the Berlin Wall to prevent any more people to escape from East Berlin to West Berlin Seen as a symbol of the cold war 1989: Fall of the Berlin Wall is seen as the symbolic end of the Cold War

Kennedy’s Alliance for Progress