Chapter 11 Growth & Expansion 1790-1840 US HISTORY Chapter 11 Growth & Expansion 1790-1840

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism Era of Good Feelings Occurred during the presidency of James Monroe (post-War of 1812 through the early 1820s) Time in the nation when everyone seemed to get along  support for the govt. was very high

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism American System Proposal by House Speaker Henry Clay to help the U.S. grow. Included higher tariffs, a new Bank of the United States, and internal improvements. Not all Americans agreed with the plan and led to sectionalism.

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism Competition from Britain The Second Bank of the United States restored order to the money supply, helping American businesses to grow.

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism Sectionalism – loyalty to a particular region, or section, of the country. Three distinct sections of the country were: the North, the South, and the West. John C. Calhoun – (South Carolina) became a strong opponent of national programs and a supporter of states having the right to govern themselves...very vocal leader from the South, becomes a national figure up to the Civil War.

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism Daniel Webster – (Massachusetts) known as a great public speaker, protected interests of New England. Henry Clay – (Kentucky) tried to resolve sectional disputes through compromise. Later became known as “The Great Compromiser”.

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism Nationalism & U.S. Supreme Court Early 1800s – U.S. Supreme Court strengthened the national government’s power over the states. Fletcher v Peck (1810)- Supreme Court ruled that courts could declare acts of a state government void if they violated provisions of the Constitution. McCulloch v Maryland (1819) – S.C. said the State of Maryland could NOT tax a local office of the Bank of the United States because that would give the state power over the national government. Gibbons v Ogden (1824) – S.C. said that only the national government could make laws governing interstate commerce, NOT the states.

Lesson 3 – Unity and Sectionalism The Missouri Compromise (1820) South wanted Missouri admitted as a slave state, Maine had also applied for statehood. Compromise developed by Henry Clay: 1) Missouri joins as a slave state. 2) Maine joins as a free state. 3) Slavery was banned in the rest of the LA Territory north of the 36° 30’ parallel.

A New Relationship With the "Old World" • Rush-Bagot Agreement (1817): The number of armed naval ships each country could have on the Great Lakes was limited; excess ships were to be taken apart or destroyed. • Convention of 1818: The northern boundary of Louisiana Territory was set at the 49th parallel; the border between Canada and United States was to be maintained without armed forces; Americans could settle in Oregon Country. • Adams-Onis Treaty (1819): Spain gave up all claims to East and West Florida, as well as Oregon Country; the United States gave up any claim to Texas. • 1824: Spain had lost most of South America. • Monroe Doctrine (1823): United States would not become involved in Europe's internal affairs; Europe was not to seek further colonies in the Americas. Britain Spain The European Powers