Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Groundwater Science, 2nd edition Chapter 8 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.1 Configuration of a slug test. The left side shows a well before the test. The middle and right side show the well after a slug of water has been added. The head declines over time back toward the static (initial) level. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.2 Plot of a series of three slug tests performed at one well in Kansas. The top plot shows H vs. log of time and the bottom plot is normalized, showing H/H0 vs. log of time. Source: Butler (1997) with permission of CRC Press. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.3 Mathematical models of the Cooper et al. (1967) slug test method, with curves for  < 10–5 from Papadapulos et al. (1973). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.4 Completed spreadsheet for Example 8.1. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.5 Vertical cross-section of a well screened across the water table, defining some parameters of the Dagan (1978) method. Stipple pattern shows the gravel pack next to the well screen. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.6 Values of the dimensionless flow parameter P as a function of  and b/B. Data for curves (markers) are as listed in Butler (1997), based on the model of Boast and Kirkham (1971), except for a few values for  < 0.01, which are from Dagan (1978). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.7 Completed spreadsheet for Example 8.2. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.8 Vertical cross-section of transient radial flow to a well. The head before pumping starts is some steady-state distribution of heads, h0(x, y). The drawdown after pumping starts is radially symmetric about the pumping well, [h0 – h].r/. For the solutions presented in this chapter, the aquifer T and S (or Sy) are assumed constant. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.9 Well function W(u) vs. 1/u for the Theis solution. Both are dimensionless numbers. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.10 Patterns of drawdown predicted by the Theis solution at times t0, t1, and t2. A base case is shown at left. The middle plot is the same as the base case but with higher T. The right-hand plot is the same as the base case but with higher S. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.11 Example plot of h – h0 vs. t – t0 predicted by the Theis solution, with arithmetic axes. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.12 Example plot of h – h0 vs. t – t0 predicted by the Theis solution, with logarithmic axes (solid line). The dashed line shows how drawdown would stabilize if there were significant induced leakage through the bounding aquitards. The dotted line shows a drawdown curve with delayed yield due to phreatic storage in an unconfined aquifer. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.13 Geometry of the aquifer with leakage assumed by Hantush and Jacob (1955). Although the unpumped layer and aquitard are shown above the pumped aquifer, they could also be below it. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.14 (u, Λ) for the Hantush and Jacob (1955) solution. All curves converge on the Theis curve (upper left) for small 1/u. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.15 Geometry of the aquifer and aquitards in the Hantush (1960) solutions. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.16 W (u, ) for the Hantush (1960) solution at early t. Each curve is for the value of  posted on the curve. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.17 W(uA,η) Early-time portion of the Neuman (1975) solution. With small 1/uA, all curves converge on the Theis curve for elastic storage (upper left). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.18 W(uB, η) Late-time portion of the Neuman (1975) solution. With large 1/uB, all curves converge on the Theis curve for water table storage (lower right). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.19 Manual log–log curve matching. The h0 – h vs. t – t0 data (blue) are overlaid on the Theis curve (black). The two sheets are adjusted until the h0 – h vs. t – t0 data match the Theis curve. Then a match point is chosen; in this case, the match point is h0 – h = t – t0 = 1.0, W = 0.53, and 1/u = 5.1. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.20 Completed spreadsheet for Example 8.4. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.21 Completed spreadsheet for Example 8.5. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.22 Completed spreadsheet for Example 8.6. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.23 Semilog plot of h0 – h vs. t – t0. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.24 1/Q vs. time for a well pumped so as to have constant drawdown. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.25 Boundaries that supply more water to the aquifer (left), and their effect on drawdown (right). The solid line at right shows how drawdown stabilizes compared to the theory predicted by the Theis solution (dashed line). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.26 Boundaries that limit the supply of water to the aquifer, and their effect on drawdown (right). The solid line at right shows how drawdown is greater than would be predicted by the Theis solution theory (dashed line). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.27 Drawdown vs. time at the pumping well for Example 8.8. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.28 A fully penetrating pumping well as assumed by the analytic solutions (left), and a partially penetrating well (right). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.29 Head contours and flow pathlines for an analytic model of steady three-dimensional flow to a well screened in a long, ellipsoidal gravel pack. Kgravel = 50Kaquifer (Fitts, 1991). Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.30 Plan view of the rectangular recharge area with the origin of the x, y coordinate system at the center of the rectangle. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.

Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Figure 8.31 Graph of the function F(a, b) used in Eq. 8.53. Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved.