Sentence types 1. Mr. Brown caught some trout. (simple) 2. Mr. Brown caught some trout, and his wife cooked them. (compound) *and, but, or, for, nor, so, and yet other coordinating conjunctions 3. After Mr. Brown caught some trout, he cleaned them. (complex) 4. After Mr. Brown caught some trout, he cleaned them, and his wife cooked them. (compound/complex)

Periodic sentence 1. This sentence construction begins with a series of subordinate clauses / phrases and ends with an independent clause Ex: No matter how hard I try, I cannot float with my toes out of the water. Ex: While you were gone, this package arrived.

Loose sentence 1. A loose sentence begins with an independent clause, followed by successive modifying clauses/phrases Ex: We must be wary of conclusions drawn from the ways of the social insects, since their evolutionary track lies so far from ours. Ex: Being a musician is not easy because it requires many hours of practice.

Centered sentence 1. The main clause is split in two, with subordinate phrase/clause material in between. Ex: Having failed at being a mime, Larry decided to become a comedian, since he really was quite the “stooge.” Ex: After digging a large whole, I planted the tree, which was large and hard to manage.

Adverbial clauses Contains both subject verb, but not a complete thought Begin with the following subordinating conjunctions: when, whenever, wherever, while, as, before, if, after, till, until, unless, since, as soon as, because, since, even though, who, whom, whoever, whomever, whose, even though, in order that, so that Ex: Before he went to school, John ate breakfast. Ex: Darnel did not like his photograph since he had his eyes closed.

Participles 1. A participle is a verbal that is used as an adjective. The present participle ends in “ing,” and the past participle may end in ed, d,t, or n Ex: Having written the letter, Julie set out for the post office. (present) Ex: Disappointed by his best friend’s actions, roger refused to speak to him. (past)