MicroRNA-150 regulates the cytotoxicity of natural killers by targeting perforin-1 Nayoung Kim, PhD, Miju Kim, PhD, Sohyun Yun, PhD, Junsang Doh, PhD,

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MicroRNA-150 regulates the cytotoxicity of natural killers by targeting perforin-1 Nayoung Kim, PhD, Miju Kim, PhD, Sohyun Yun, PhD, Junsang Doh, PhD, Philip D. Greenberg, MD, Tae-Don Kim, PhD, Inpyo Choi, PhD Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Volume 134, Issue 1, Pages 195-203.e4 (July 2014) DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018 Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 miR-150 is involved in the posttranscriptional regulation of Prf1 in NK cells. A and B, miR-150 and Prf1 protein levels were inversely plotted as means ± SDs in primary mouse (Fig 1, A) and human (Fig 1, B) NK cells. C and D, Protein and mRNA levels of Prf1 and GzmB were determined in mouse (Fig 1, C) and human (Fig 1, D) NK cells during IL-15 stimulation. Results are representative of 3 independent experiments. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 miR-150−/− NK cells exhibit upregulation of Prf1 and enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity. A, Protein and mRNA levels of Prf1 in WT and miR-150−/− NK cells after stimulation with IL-15. B, NK cell cytotoxicity was measured by using standard 4-hour 51Cr-release assays. Data represent means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. *P < .05, Student t test. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 miR-150 has no significant effects on NK cell receptor profiles (A), degranulation (B), and death receptor/ligand interactions (C). WT and miR-150−/− NK cells were cultured in IL-15 for 48 hours, and then cell surfaces were stained with indicated antibodies. Anti-NKp46 antibody was used to activate NKp46 receptors on NK cells. Data represent means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. FasL, Fas ligand; TRAIL, TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 miR-150−/− NK cells induce a potent lytic hit at the immunologic synapse. A-C, NK cells were stained with LysoSensor (Fig 4, A), Prf1 (Fig 4, B), or CD107a (Fig 4, C). D and E, Dynamic interfaces formed between NK cells and target cells were photographed (Fig 4, D) and illustrated (Fig 4, E). F-H, Percentage of NK cells remaining at each step (Fig 4, F); kinetics of steps C, D, and E (Fig 4, G); and cytotoxicity (Fig 4, H). MFI, Mean fluorescence intensity. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 miR-150 directly targets Prf1 in NK cells. A-C, Scheme of reporter vector (Fig 5, A) and sequence alignments of miR-150 to target cells (Fig 5, B and C). D and E, 3′ UTR AANAT reporter containing mouse GzmB/Prf1 (Fig 5, D) or human Prf1/GzmB (Fig 5, E) were cotransfected with indicated miRNAs, and then AANAT proteins and mRNAs were analyzed. Data represent means ± SDs of 3 independent experiments. +, 50 nmol/L; ++, 100 nmol/L. pA, Polyadenylation. P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 6 A, B, E, and F, Lentivirus (LV)–mediated overexpression of miR-150 suppresses Prf1 and cytotoxicity. After lentiviral transduction, miR-150−/− NK and NK92 MI cells showed decreased Prf1 protein (Fig 6, A and E) and NK cell cytotoxicity (Fig 6, B and F), respectively. C and D, Low endogenous miR-150 in NK92 MI cells (Fig 6, C) was increased after lentiviral transduction (Fig 6, D). Data represent means ± SDs from 3 independent experiments. mNK, Mature NK cell. *P < .05 and **P < .01. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions

Fig 7 miR-150−/− NK cells exhibit enhanced tumor surveillance in immunocompromised mice. Adoptive transfer of miR-150−/− NK cells effectively reduced tumor growth (A) and lung metastasis of B16F10 melanoma (B and C) compared with that seen in WT NK cells in Rag2−/−γC−/− mice. Data represent means ± SDs of 2 independent experiments. *P < .05. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 2014 134, 195-203.e4DOI: (10.1016/j.jaci.2014.02.018) Copyright © 2014 The Authors Terms and Conditions