In vivo assessment of endothelial function in human lower extremity arteries Vikram S. Kashyap, MD, Ryan O. Lakin, MD, Lindsay E. Feiten, BS, Paul D.

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In vivo assessment of endothelial function in human lower extremity arteries Vikram S. Kashyap, MD, Ryan O. Lakin, MD, Lindsay E. Feiten, BS, Paul D. Bishop, MSEE, Timur P. Sarac, MD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 58, Issue 5, Pages 1259-1266 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029 Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 In this lower extremity angiogram performed with an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter and a 0.014-inch Doppler flow wire, the IVUS probe is approximately at marker 200 (arrow) and the wire sensor is beyond marker 240. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1259-1266DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 A, B-mode intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) image of an artery depicts the three layers of the arterial wall. B, Border analysis documents luminal (light blue) and medial-adventitial (dark blue) borders, C, Virtual histology is performed using a modified coronary artery algorithm classified by color, indicating calcium (white), necrosis (red), and fibrous (green) plaque components. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1259-1266DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Average peak velocity (APV) showed statistically significant increases of 26%, 46%, and 63% in response to incremental doses of acetylcholine (Ach). The error bars show the standard error of the mean. P = .0012 by analysis of variance. EDR, Endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1259-1266DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Percentage change in limb volumetric flow showed statistically significant increases in response to incremental doses of acetylcholine (Ach). The error bars show the standard error of the mean. P = .0014 by analysis of variance. EDR, Endothelial-dependent vasorelaxation. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1259-1266DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 5 Lower extremity levels of nitric oxide metabolites (NOx) were slightly lower than systemic venous levels. P = .0395. The error bars show the standard error of the mean. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2013 58, 1259-1266DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2013.05.029) Copyright © 2013 Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions