Exotic Animal Radiography RVT: Chapter 27

Species Variety Avian Mammals Reptiles Amphibians Fish Rodents Ferrets Lagomorphs Reptiles Snakes Chelonians Lizards Amphibians Fish

Objectives for Each Species Restraint techniques Safety Patient You Common views

Avian Restraint Chemical restraint is best (if stable) Mechanical restraint: Bags, pillowcases Socks Tape (thoughts about tape?) Sand bags, rice socks Plastic restraint devices *DO NOT COMPRESS CHEST Guillotine device Tape- transparent, paper, masking No diaphragm, air sacs and pneumatic bones

Avian Safety Anesthesia Manual and mechanical restraint Fast (not long), intubation, warming techniques, work quickly Manual and mechanical restraint Use least stressful technique Don’t get bit Concerns other than the mouth? Horizontal beam- bird can perch in it’s natural position Know what you are imaging- that will determine restraint technique used! Regurgitation is common Stress is fatal in birds

Avian Common Views VD whole body Lateral whole body Wings Feet Symmetry! Lateral whole body With or without wing superimposition Wings Mediolateral Caudocranial Feet Tape each toe Affected limb is pulled slightly cranial; contralateral is caudal

Kestral chick Full crop

Small Mammal Restraint Anesthesia is ideal Must be in stable condition Sometimes not an option due to cost Mechanical Tupperware, to-go boxes, cardboard box Foam block barricade Socks, stockingette Tongue depressors can move limbs out of the way Tape

Small Mammal Safety Tiny bodies, large biting parts Easy to fall off of table or escape Protect rabbit hind limbs! Do not fast small mammals for long No fasting of lagomorphs

Small Mammal Common Views Whole body DV and lateral (awake) Whole body VD and lateral (anesthetized) Skull and spine Malocclusions common Lumbar spine and hind limbs Trauma common

Reptile Restraint Chelonians Snakes Lizards Boxes, duct tape, treats Tubes Boxes Lizards Tape, vet wrap Broomsticks Sponges/foam blocks Treats

Lizard Common Views DV and lateral

Snake Common Views DV Lateral

Chelonian Common Views DV Lateral Rostrocaudal/craniocaudal

Craniocaudal view

Amphibians Anurans, newts, salamanders Patient be kept moist You must wear gloves Latex free Sensitive to temperature and stress Restraint: container, baggie, chemical Common view is DV (unless sedated) Lateral (sedated or horizontal beam) Tip: Use of dental film will give more contrast

Fish Much easier when sedated Can only be exposed to air for seconds