Today’s Goals Introduce strategies for closed form prose body paragraphs Discuss ways to integrate source evidence into our writing

Class Discussion: Evidence & Body Paragraphs What kind of evidence should you provide in your body paragraphs? When providing evidence or examples in the body paragraphs of our essays, how much evidence is enough? What are the different ways we can use sources responsibly and avoid plagiarism? What are attributive tags and parenthetical citations?

Evidence in writing 3 main types of evidence: Quotes: Provides greatest ethos, but overusing detracts from the author’s voice Paraphrase: Keeps writing focused on the author’s perspective, but important words and a bit of ethos may be lost Summary: Your essay should have a brief summary of the selected source in the introduction For body paragraphs, one piece of evidence is never enough! Don’t select any random quote or paraphrase to support your claims; pick the BEST example you can find that represents your evaluation

Crediting Sources 3 main ways to give credit to sources (and avoid plagiarism) Parenthetical citation: also called “in-text citations,” these are usually represented by the author’s last name in parenthesis at the end of the sentence where a piece of source evidence is used, sometimes with the page number or date of publication (depending on format). Ex: (Smith 57) Attributive tag: Give credit to the author/source by naming them in the sentence. This gives increased ethos while simultaneously avoiding plagiarism. Ex: According to Dr. Miles from Harvard University, . . . Works Cited page: also called references or bibliography, this lists detailed information about all of the sources used in the essay. The in-text citations and attributive tags give the minimal amount of information necessary to find the source on the works cited page Ex: Smith, Jones. “How Baby Boomers Ruined the Economy and the World.” Time Magazine, 7.5 (2015). Print.

Closed form prose Introduction- Body Conclusion Hook Thesis Forecasting Body Transition Topic sentence Evidence (repeat for several body paragraphs) Conclusion Clincher

Closed Form Prose-Body Paragraphs- Topics for Rhetorical Analysis Ethos Pathos Logos Angle of vision* Audience* Genre* * (Indicates an optional element that should be brought up only if it is prevalent in the source)

Closed Form Prose- Body Paragraphs Transition: a word or short explanation of how/why you are introducing the new topic. This could reference the previous paragraph, how the topic relates to the thesis, or where this paragraph is located in the paper overall Ex: “Another example of Raff’s poor rhetoric can be found in the article’s ethos.” Topic Sentence: The main idea of your body paragraph. It should give your evaluation of how the source author did with that specific rhetorical strategy. Ex: “Raff’s poor use of logos in the article is another reason why it fails to persuade its readers.” Evidence and explanation: 2+ pieces of evidence per body paragraph. At least one should be a quote. Try to follow the 2 to 1 rule: for every one sentence of quote or paraphrase, offer 2 sentences of example. This will keep your similarity score low and your essay focused on your original ideas and interpretations. Note: you should select the BEST piece of evidence to support your side, not simply the first example you find.

Individual Activity: Body paragraph Working individually based off of your selected source for major essay 1 What is your evaluation of the source’s logos? Generate a topic sentence that shows this evaluation. What is one piece of evidence you could use that exemplifies this evaluation? What is your evaluation of the source’s ethos? Generate a topic sentence that shows this evaluation. What is one piece of evidence you could use that exemplifies this evaluation? Aside from ethos, pathos, and logos, what other element of rhetoric stands out the most in your selected source? What is an example of this rhetorical element? What order will you use for your body paragraphs? Generate a forecasting sentence using this order.

Homework Rhetorical Analysis – Draft 1 500+ words Due Monday 1-29 Printed and brought to class Should include your whole introduction and several body paragraphs