Stone Age to Civilizations Essential Questions: How did people live by the hunting and gathering way of life? Why did some humans start to plant and harvest crops, live in crowded villages, and later build cities, accept the rule of monarchs, and pay taxes?

Questions Notes Title: Early Man Question: When humans first came to dominate the earth, humans started out as hunters and gatherers. What this meant, was that individuals followed and hunted animals, gathered food they could find, as a means of existence. Based on evidence found in a variety of locations, we know that despite not living in settled areas, early man had a complex society, with art, religion, and rituals. Cave paintings in France show in details, hunting and the dangers of it.

Questions Notes Title: Civilization Question: Civilization- The society, culture, and way of life of a particular area. Groups of individuals began living in a single area in order to gain a stable food supply. Stable food supply: a civilization can’t survive if their people are starving This change in living style was known as the agrarian revolution. Agrarian Revolution: people went from hunting an gathering to farming.

Questions Notes Title: Government Questions: City-State: a city and surrounding land that is independent Government: Makes and enforces laws, collects taxes, protects its people. As people began forming cities, governments resulted as a means of protection from other cities and nomadic people. Individuals who farmed or lived in cities, were willing to give up freedoms, for protections. Most cities began developing monarchies, or rule by a king.

Questions Notes Title: Society Question: Social structure: people usually organized by status in society. people at the top usually have more power and wealth people at the bottom are often poor or slaves Religion: Includes a set of beliefs, usually a god or gods. Forms of worship Usually has leaders Typically early religions were polytheistic: believing in many gods. The gods and goddesses were believed to have power over concepts or nature.

Questions Notes Title: Characteristics of Civilization Question: When there is a surplus of food in a society, individuals are allowed to have specializations in forms of jobs, such as government, warfare, crafts, or the arts. Writing: Highly developed civilizations have writing to keep records and spread ideas Technology: The use of tools and inventions for practical purposes. Civilized Societies also create high levels of art, typically unique just to their society.