Plants Chapter 1 Review

What do plants need to grow? Soil (nutrients) Water Air (carbon dioxide) Light Space to grow

Four main plant parts Leaves Roots Stems Flowers (eventually turn into seeds)

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis – the process by which plants make their own food What does the process of photosynthesis involve? It involves the leaves using energy from sunlight to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugar (glucose) and oxygen. The plant releases the oxygen, but uses the sugar for food.

How do leaves help plants? Make food through photosynthesis Water balance (either let water out or keep water in) Protection

How do roots help plants? Hold the plant in place. Take in water and nutrients from the soil. Some types of roots, such as taproots, hold food for the plant.

Types of roots Taproots are large roots that grow deep in the soil and store food for a plant. Examples of taproots are carrots and dandelions. Fibrous roots look more tangled and grow far into the soil to reach water. Most grasses have fibrous roots.

How do stems help plants? Support the plant Transport (carry) food and water Some help with survival Examples – those with thorns and spines Example of edible stems – celery, rhubarb

Grouping plants (Plants can be grouped by the kinds of parts they have). Flowering plants Includes deciduous trees that lose their leaves in autumn and grow new ones in spring. Grow seeds When flowers get pollinated by things such as insects, birds, and wind, seeds form near the center of the flower. A fruit often forms around the seeds to protect the seeds. Coniferous trees Grow cones instead of flowers. Seeds are stored in the cones. Most do not lose their leaves in autumn. Their leaves usually look like needles.

How do new plants grow? By scattering seeds: By wind By water By fire some types of pine cones need to be heated via forest fire to release seeds Carried by animals on their fur or other body parts Eaten and excreted by animals By growing from a root or stem

Life cycle of a plant that grows from a seed: Seed from a fruit gets planted in soil on purpose or accidentally. The seed germinates (starts to grow). Seedling with small leaves appear and begin making food. The seedling grows into a mature plant that produces new seeds.

Seed parts Seed coat (protects) Embryo (tiny new plant) Endosperm (food store)

Plant fossils Plant fossils are imprints of plants that lived long ago. They form when the plant dies and gets pressed in the mud. The mud hardens into rock and then cracks to expose the fossil. Fossils help us study plants that are extinct (no longer live).