Plant Tissue and Organs Plant Physiology Plant Tissue and Organs Essential Question: How have the structures and functions of plants enabled them to survive?

Let’s get started! Aligned investigation set up: Rate of Transpiration in celery Predictions: What do you think will happen and why? Record data: Start you timer when celery is places in food coloring & keep an eye on it during the lesson. Stop your timer when the color reaches the top.

Plants Plants are very important to all other life. Just like other organisms, plants have specialized cells that make up their tissues and together form organs. Plants have four types of tissues

Plant Tissues Dermal Tissue covers the outside of a plant. Protects the plant Secretes cuticle of leaves Forms outer bark of trees Ground Tissue is found inside a plant provides support Stores materials in roots and stems Why is there so much ground tissue in the picture above? Where would there be a lot of meristematic tissue?

Plant Tissues stem leaf root Vascular Tissue transports water, minerals and organic compounds. Made of two networks of hollow tubes: Xylem transports water and minerals up the plant Phloem transports photosynthetic products (water and sugar) *To help you remember think about the alphabet WX (Water – Xylem) & phloem moves sugars (food) from photosynthesis.

Plant Tissue Meristematic Tissue consists of small, densely packed cells that can keep dividing to form new cells. Allow cells to stay forever young Involved in plant growth Area for growth (can be either ground vascular or dermal)

Stop and think #1 If the xylem and phloem in a young tree is damaged, which process is first affected?

Cambium can be xylem or phloem Tricks to remember…. Cambium can be xylem or phloem Plant Tissues Cambium layer of actively dividing cells located between the xylem and phloem in the stem and root of a vascular plant. Responsible for secondary growth (thickening of plant stems) Does not transport water, minerals or dissolved food. Produces the phloem and xylem Area of growth

Stop and think #2 Dermal tissues are like: Ground tissues are like: Plant Human Body Dermal tissues are like: Ground tissues are like: Vascular tissues are like: Skin Bones and Muscles Veins and Arteries

Plant Organs Just like other organisms, plants have organs which have specialized functions.

Roots Roots make up over half the body of the plant and provide many functions: - anchor the plant in the ground - absorb water and minerals from the soil. What type of tissue would be at the root cap? Meristimatic Why would a plant want lots of root hairs? More surface area for water absorption

Roots Parts of a root: Root hairs are tiny projections on the dermal cells of roots that aid in absorption of water and minerals Root cap – a small cone of cells that protects the growing part of the root as it pushes through the soil What type of tissue would be at the root cap? Meristimatic Why would a plant want lots of root hairs? More surface area for water absorption root cap

Roots Roots also include the xylem, phloem (vascular tissue) and cambium that aid in growth and movement of materials for photosynthesis and transpiration. Roots are covered in dermal tissue and have ground tissue

Stop and Think question #3 How would a plant be affected if it’s roots are permanently damaged? The plant would not be able to absorb water. Plant growth will stop.

Stems Stems have many functions: Support leaves and flowers majority of vascular system for transport Store water Grow underground for storage Form new plants Cactus Ginger rhizomes

Stems Stems also include xylem, phloem and cambium which aid in growth, transpiration and photosynthesis.

Stop and think question #4 Why do you believe that it is necessary for the stem to have a xylem, phloem and cambium?

Leaves Leaves are the site of photosynthesis. Absorb sunlight and carry out photosynthesis All leaves have the same structure and function. The topside of the leaf is where the majority of the chloroplasts are located that absorb the sunlight. The underside of the leaf contain the stomata and is the site of transpiration and gas exchange.

Leaves Guard cells surround each stomata (opening) Stomata open and close when guard cells change shape When stomata are open, water evaporates and gas exchanges Stomata close at night and when the plant loses too much water How would light intensity affect guard cells? What if it was cloudy for a very long time? Stomata (opening) stomata guard cells

Higher order thinking question #5 How would the function of the leaves be affected if there were no guard cells?

Water Review What does it mean that water is polar? How does the polarity of water…. cause hydrogen bonding? cause cohesion and adhesion? allow for the ability of water to moderate temperature? influence its properties as a solvent?

Movement of Water Transpiration is the loss of water through the stomata. As water exits the stomata, it draws more water along the xylem thus pulling water up the plant. Which properties of water allows this to happen? ______________ and _______________ Cohesion Adhesion

Higher order thinking question #6 How does cohesion and adhesion allow for transpiration to occur?

Transportation- questions 1. What type of tissue moves water upward in a plant stem? 2. Name and explain the property of water that enable it to move upward against gravity in a stem. 3. What is transpiration and where does it occur in plants? 4. Describe how you could change the experimental set up to change the rate of transpiration.

Plant and Tissue C- level 2 In your group, examine the plant parts and answer the analysis questions C- level 2 H – ask three before me, use your notes and textbook (642) A – complete plant tissue and organ dissection M- remain seated, walking around is a strike! P – complete your lab sheet and paste in your NB Success

Exit Slip How have the structures and functions of plants enabled them to survive?