West during the Gilded Age

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Presentation transcript:

West during the Gilded Age

The Clash of Cultures on the Plains Indians numbered 360,000 in 1860 Whites made problems between the Indians worse, disease, killed buffalo, took their lands etc. The reservation system started in 1851 with the Fort Laramie Treaty It was extremely hard to govern Indians, most didn’t recognize any authority outside of their family unless they agreed with it US fought Indians for decades after the Civil War 1/5th of cavalry in the West were Buffalo Soldiers

US Military/Indian Clashes Sand Creek Massacre 1864 (Colorado) Colonel Chivington 400+ Indians were murdered l

Custer’s Last Stand 1874 gold was discovered in Black Hills led to a gold rush and Sioux went to war to protect their home, were led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse Custer and 7th Cavalry were sent in to stop the Sioux 264 men attacked 2500, Custer and his entire command were killed

Conflicts Cont 1877 Nez Perce under Chief Joseph surrendered and were exiled to Kansas not Idaho like they were promised Apache led by Geronimo went South to Mexico and were eventually exiled to Florida What allowed the taming of the Indians? RR brought soldiers, cattle, and settlers Disease, alcohol, buffalo exterminated

Dawes Act Dawes Severalty Act 1887 Dissolved tribes as legal entities Wiped out tribal ownership of land, set up individual families with 160 acres, if Indians “behaved” they got title to land and American citizenship (1924)

Homestead Act 1862 Granted 160 acres for living on it for 5 years, making improvements to the land, and a 30$ fee Showed the shift in policy from the government making money off the land to just wanting it settled 500,000 families used it Full of fraud, large land corporations used fake names to accumulate thousands of acres

Farmers fight back against Trusts Grange party was created Used States to regulate trusts Courts declared state regulation unconstitutional Greenback Labor party created with goal to create inflation Populists created to lead the farmers in federal government against the trusts