How did Americans on the home front help win World War II? Topic: The Home Front Essential Question: How did Americans on the home front help win World War II?

Draft 1940-1946 Over 10 million men

1940-1946 Over 10 million men Economy War Production Board (WPB) Converted peacetime industries to meet war needs

War Production Board (WPB) Converted peacetime industries to meet war needs Established rationing Scrap drives

Established rationing Scrap drives Labor shortage Women Worked in manufacturing plants

Women Worked in manufacturing plants Represented by “Rosie the Riveter”

Women Worked in manufacturing plants Represented by “Rosie the Riveter” Allowed to join the military for the first time Non-combat volunteers

Allowed to join the military for the first time Non-combat volunteers Minorities given more opportunities African Americans moved to the North and the West for jobs

Minorities given more opportunities African Americans move to the North and the West for jobs Bracero Program Temporary workers from Mexico

Temporary workers from Mexico War bonds Bracero Program Temporary workers from Mexico War bonds How the U.S. government paid for the war Purchased by citizens Earned interest over time Purchased at 75% of face value ($18.75 for a $25 bond) Matured in 10 years 85 million Americans purchased $185 billion in bonds

10-2-2 Purchased by citizens Earned interest over time Discuss Draft War Production Board Women Minorities War Bonds Write a sentence describing the importance of one of the following: Scrap drives Rosie the Riveter

Purchased by citizens Earned interest over time African Americans Double V Campaign Victory over fascism and victory over discrimination

Double V Campaign Victory over fascism and victory over discrimination 92nd Infantry (Buffalo Soldiers)

Congressional Gold Medal, 2007 Victory over fascism and victory over discrimination 92nd Infantry (Buffalo Soldiers) Tuskegee Airmen Congressional Gold Medal, 2007

10-2-2 92nd Infantry (Buffalo Soldiers) Tuskegee Airmen “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95)

A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95) What does Joe Willie Johnson think can make it so the men of the 92nd Infantry have not died in vain? A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. B. If the Italians call them Americans instead of other names. C. If they make it through the war alive and defeat the Nazis. D. If their efforts change people’s opinions about African Americans.

A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95) What does Joe Willie Johnson think can make it so the men of the 92nd Infantry have not died in vain? A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. B. If the Italians call them Americans instead of other names. C. If they make it through the war alive and defeat the Nazis. D. If their efforts change people’s opinions about African Americans.

A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95) What does Joe Willie Johnson think can make it so the men of the 92nd Infantry have not died in vain? A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. B. If the Italians call them Americans instead of other names. C. If they make it through the war alive and defeat the Nazis. D. If their efforts change people’s opinions about African Americans.

A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95) What does Joe Willie Johnson think can make it so the men of the 92nd Infantry have not died in vain? A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. B. If the Italians call them Americans instead of other names. C. If they make it through the war alive and defeat the Nazis. D. If their efforts change people’s opinions about African Americans.

A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. “Negroes are doing their bit here, their supreme bit—not for glory, not for honor, but for I think the generation that will come. If the blood that flows here on Italy’s mountain will wash from some folks’ minds the stigma that has been bred there for years, then, I think that the men who have gone so bravely here will not have given their lives in vain. I think I shall see it thru, but I’m proud to be one of these few men who are fighters. The American papers call us ‘Tan Yanks’ and other fancy names, but we find right here the best of all—the Italians call us ‘Americans’—just plain ‘Americans.’ That’s all we want to be—and one day, I hope we will, be just plain Americans.” Letter from Joe Willie Johnson of 92nd Infantry to his father-in-law, February 5, 1945, Italy (My Father’s War: Fighting with the Buffalo Soldiers in World War II, p. 95) What does Joe Willie Johnson think can make it so the men of the 92nd Infantry have not died in vain? A. If these few men can proudly stand together as warriors. B. If the Italians call them Americans instead of other names. C. If they make it through the war alive and defeat the Nazis. D. If their efforts change people’s opinions about African Americans. Why do you think it is important to Johnson that the Italians call the men of the 92nd Infantry “just plain ‘Americans’”?