Hellenism The Spread of Greek Culture

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Hellenism The Spread of Greek Culture

Hellenism The Spread of Greek Culture Philip of Macedonia Macedonia was a small country north of Greece In 359 BC, Philip became King of Macedonia As a boy Philip was held hostage in Thebes for 3 years He thought of himself as Greek Philip as king Created a professional army with full time paid soldiers Equipped his soldiers with 18 foot lances, slingshots, and bows and arrows and used the phalanx formation Bribed Greek officials to make decisions he wanted Found ways for the city-states to fight each other Made a treaty with a polis (sometimes through marriage: he had 7 wives) and then broke it Invaded Greece in 338 BC and defeated Athens and Thebes to take control of Greece In 336 BC, Philip was murdered.***

The Spread of Greek Culture

The Spread of Greek Culture

The Spread of Greek Culture Alexander the Great Son of King Philip Was a student at Aristotle’s school At 20, in 336 BC, became king when Philip was murdered. Conquered Persian Empire and civilizations as far east as India Goal was to conquer the world and create one empire Wanted to unite Macedonians, Greeks and Persians. Greeks refused to treat Persians as equals Army refused to continue fighting east of India

The Spread of Greek Culture Alexander died in 323 BC of a “disease” Alexander built over 70 cities as king Named 16 of them Alexandria, and named one Bucephala after his horse Empire broke into 3 kingdoms Greece, Egypt, and Persia After his death, Alexander’s influence continued. Cities he built and countries he conquered accepted and used Greek culture, language, calendar, and coins (Hellenism) Macedonians and Greeks moved to these cities These countries became known as Hellenistic countries The greatest Alexandria was in Egypt Alexandria, Egypt became center of trade and learning The Lighthouse and the Library in Alexandria were the biggest and best of the time.

The Spread of Greek Culture

The Spread of Greek Culture Math and Science The Museum, a school in Egypt, was were Euclid, Eratosthenes, and Archimedes, all studied and worked. Euclid created Geometry Eratosthenes was an astronomer who used math to calculate the size of the earth Archimedes created pulleys and levers