Imperialism in Southeast Asia Ch. 11.5

Essential Question Why did the British take the Malayan Peninsula?

Setting the Stage Like in Africa, Euro. powers compete to divide up lands of SE Asia. Westerners recognized the value of natural resources: Tropical agriculture Minerals Oil Why it matters: SE Asia struggled for independence in the 1900’s Imperialism is the root of these struggles

Euro. Invades the Pacific Rim By 1895 **Southeast Asian colonies are perfect for plantations**: Sugar cane, coffee, rubber, etc.

Indonesia Under Dutch Control Management of plantations etc. brought a large Dutch population Creates a rigid social class system: Dutch Educated, wealthy Indonesian’s Working Class Indonesian farmer’s forced to plant 1/5th of land in specified export crop

British take Malayan Peninsula Did so to compete with Dutch for trade. (1869) Suez Canal opens Area becomes one of worlds busiest ports Why? British encourage Chinese immigration to meet demand for workers Malayan’s become minority, produces conflict **Situation unresolved today** Suez Canal Malayan Peninsula

French Indochina (1840) French occupy: French fill govt. positions Laos Cambodia Vietnam French fill govt. positions French did not encourage industry Rice main export Majority of rice exported at the expense of peasant diet

Colonial Impact in SE Asia Econ. grew based export of cash crops Roads, harbors, rail systems mostly benefited businesses Educ., health, sanitation improve Millions immigrate from other areas of Asia Becomes melting pot of Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Buddhists Often led to racial, religious clashes that are still seen today

US Imperialism in the Pacific Most Americans disliked the idea of colonizing Two groups in favor Empire builders Felt US should become a world power like Euro. Needed to industrialize to do so Business Men Wanted new markets, resources, and trade possibilities Empire Builders Business Men

US Gain Philippines (1898) Spanish American War US gains: Philippines Puerto Rico Guam May 1898 Battle of Manila Bay

Philippines (1899-1902) US states it will “prepare” them for self rule Filipino’s fight for independence with US but lose Led by Emilio Aguinaldo US states it will “prepare” them for self rule Build roads, RR, hospital, schools Cash crops grown at expense of food Led to food shortages (1899-1902) American soldiers fighting Filipino nationalists.

Hawaii Becomes a Republic Interest by US begins around 1790 (1820) US finance sugar cane plantations (1850) 75% of Hawaii wealth from sugar plantation Plantation owners control political econ. power.

Hawaii Becomes a Republic Cont. (1893) Queen Liliuokalani asks for new constitution Want to shift political power back to Hawaiians 1893 Removed from power by American business men. Why? Hawaii annexed by US in 1898 Becomes 50th state in 1959 1838-1917 Queen Lilluokalani

Warm Up Why was the Suez Canal so important to Europeans? How did Americans feel about imperialism? Which two groups of people actually favored Imperialism? After the Spanish American war in 1898, which territories did the United States gain? How did the United States attain Hawaii as their own?