This Month in Gastroenterology Jan Tack, John M. Carethers  Gastroenterology  Volume 131, Issue 2, Pages 339-341 (August 2006) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.042 Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Receiver operator curve for the diagnosis of upper GI malignancy using alarm symptoms, clinical opinion, or computer models applied to symptom questionnaires. Gastroenterology 2006 131, 339-341DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.042) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Rate of IBS according to the Rome I criteria, 2 to 3 years after acute gastroenteritis from exposure to contaminated drinking water (between-group comparisons reported; overall 3-way comparison by χ2 P < .001). Gastroenterology 2006 131, 339-341DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.042) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 PPARβ controls the number of Paneth cells by regulating the differentiation of their precursors. (A) Double immunofluorescence showing the co-localization of hedgehog signaling pathway components (Ihh, Ptch-1, and Hip) with lysozyme protein. Red arrows indicate mature Paneth cells and white arrows indicate Paneth cell precursors. (B) Average number of Ptch-1 positive cells in the crypt epithelium as assessed by immunohistochemistry in the small intestine of wild-type and PPARβ-null mice treated or not with L-165041 (a PPARβ agonist) (grey bars) or with cyclopamine (a specific inhibitor of hedgehog signaling) (black bars) (=5; *P < .05). (C) Schematic representation of the hedgehog signaling pathway between mature and precursor Paneth cells. (D) Model for PPARβ action on the level of Ihh, resulting in the alteration of Paneth cell homeostasis. Gastroenterology 2006 131, 339-341DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.042) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Co-transfer of antigen-specific regulatory CD4+ T cells reduces the impact of intestinal inflammation. VILLIN-HA transgenic mice received 3 × 106 transgenic CD8+Vβ8+ T cells with 3 × 106 antigen-specific regulatory CD4+T cells from IG-HA × TCR-HA transgenic mice, 3 × 106 polyclonal regulatory CD4+ T cells from BALB/c mice or 3 × 106 antigen-specific naïve CD4+ T cells from TCR-HA transgenic mice. (A) At day 4 after transfer, H&E staining of the paraffin-embedded tissues from the small intestine were analyzed. (B) Histological scores from (A). Mean values of 2 independent experiments (each group n = 6 total) are depicted. (ns, not significant; **P < .01). Gastroenterology 2006 131, 339-341DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2006.06.042) Copyright © 2006 American Gastroenterological Association Institute Terms and Conditions