African Culture and Geography

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Presentation transcript:

African Culture and Geography

Landforms Two major types are lowlands and highlands Highest point is Mt. Kilimanjaro Much of African continent made of plateaus: raised area of level land Rifts form from separation of tectonic plates

Mt. Kilimanjaro

Waterways Lake Victoria Nile River Congo River Zambezi River & Victoria Falls Why would Western names like “Victoria” be given to some waterways?

Victoria Falls https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FVFsiJBSQps

Climate Four major climate regions: desert, semi-arid, tropical, equatorial Desert and semi arid regions are experiencing desertification and drought Savannas: flat grasslands (think Lion King) Tropical and Equatorial regions have rainy and dry seasons

Deserts Sahara: -Huge desert in North Africa -Largest desert in the world -Arabic for the greatest desert Kalahari: -Found in southern portion of Africa -Covers much of Botswana and Namibia

The Sahara

Kalahari Desert

African Savanna

What happened here? Was it Scar?

Resources Renewable: Can be replaced (wood, coffee, sugar, etc.) Non-Renewable: Can not be replaced (diamonds, copper, oil)

Earliest known human ancestors Found in Africa Africa’s Origins Say hello to Lucy Earliest known human ancestors Found in Africa

The Bantu Early African tribe Early hunter-gatherers in Cameroon Developed farming Bantu Migration: Population grows and spreads across continent

Bantu Migration

Salt trade is very important. Why? Preservative!!! Traded by caravans Camels very important

Ghana (700-1230 CE): Known for trading gold and salt African Trade Empires Ghana (700-1230 CE): Known for trading gold and salt Muslims from the North exchanged salt for gold Controlled trade routes and supply of gold (ancient OGEC HA!) Disappeared as North Africans attack trade routes http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/30300-assignment-discovery-the-ghana-empire-video.htm

The Mali Also gained power by controlling trade routes http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RuhVN5b8AFY Larger than the Empire of Ghana Sundiata was the first ruler: Improved salt/gold trade Timbuktu becomes a major trade center for caravans Converts to Islam Changes title to Mansa or Emperor

Mansa Musa Controlled Mali from 1312 to 1337 C.E. PEAK of Mali Power, controlled trade routes and HE WAS RICH!!! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e8kYOphEpmQ Devout Muslim, Made to Mecca (Hajj) Built Mosque in Timbuktu Opens trade routes between Africa and Middle East http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvnU0v6hcUo

The Songhai Come to power around 1400 C.E. after the Mali fall King Sunni Ali Ber expands Songhai Empire into West Africa (includes former Mali Empire) What does this King’s name tell you about the religion of the Songhai? Also involved in gold/salt trade Griots pass down history through oral tradition

PREDICT What will lead to the fall of these African Empires? What will happen to their history?