Amino acids stimulate leg muscle protein synthesis in peripheral arterial disease Lois A. Killewich, MD, PhD, Demidmaa Tuvdendorj, MD, PhD, John Bahadorani,

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Amino acids stimulate leg muscle protein synthesis in peripheral arterial disease Lois A. Killewich, MD, PhD, Demidmaa Tuvdendorj, MD, PhD, John Bahadorani, BA, Glenn C. Hunter, MD, Robert R. Wolfe, PhD Journal of Vascular Surgery Volume 45, Issue 3, Pages 554-560 (March 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.033 Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Experimental protocol. EAA, Essential amino acid drink, administered as an oral bolus; Strain gauge, measurement of calf blood flow by strain gauge plethysmography; Hr, hour of study; Blood, blood sampling from arterialized dorsal hand vein; Muscle, gastrocnemius muscle biopsy. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 554-560DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.033) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 2 Calculation of fractional synthetic rate of total gastrocnemius muscle protein (FSR). ΔEp, Change in protein-bound phenylalanine enrichment (tracer/tracee ratio); EM(1), free intracellular phenylalanine enrichment at first biopsy; EM(2), free intracellular phenylalanine enrichment at second biopsy; t, time interval between biopsies (minutes). Results are expressed as percentage per hour, multiplying by the factors 60 minutes per hour and 100. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 554-560DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.033) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 3 Steady state of l-[ring-2H5]-phenylalanine (Phe) enrichment measured from an arterialized (Po2) hand vein. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 554-560DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.033) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions

Fig 4 Fractional synthetic rate of gastrocnemius muscle protein (percentage per hour) in the basal, postabsorptive state and after ingestion of 15 g of oral amino acids (AA-stimulated) in healthy elderly (control) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) patients. Journal of Vascular Surgery 2007 45, 554-560DOI: (10.1016/j.jvs.2006.11.033) Copyright © 2007 The Society for Vascular Surgery Terms and Conditions