Madison’s War Message: The War of 1812 Notes (1812-1814)   Madison’s War Message: accused the British government of acts “hostile to the United States as an _____________________ and __________________nation” “our commerce has been _____________________in every sea” blamed the British for __________________________________ with the Native Americans independent neutral plundered frontier warfare

The United States entered the war at a great disadvantage Lack of Preparation The United States entered the war at a great disadvantage military was _______________and _________________ ________________– small force of soldiers led by inexperienced officers had to depend on state _______________________________ navy – had fewer than _______________ oceangoing ships had to pay privateers (_____________________________) to fight captured more than 1,300 merchant ships British blockaded the coastline weak unprepared army militias 20 armed ships

 American Strategy Capture_________________– supported by war hawk Henry Clay Plan –Three way invasion of Canada from ______________________, Fort Niagara, and Lake Champlain. All three failed William Hull led the invasion from __________________ and managed to lose the city of Detroit to the British British controlled Detroit for over a______________. Strengthen Claims in the West More _______________________for the Americans Fought not only the British, but also the Native Americans. Lost both Fort Michilimackinac and Fort Dearborn (present day_________________________) gave British control of most of the ___________Territory Defense at Sea Mostly defeats to the British, but a few American ships fought successfully. USS Constitution “Old______________________” – won a sea battle against the British ship Guerriere. Canada Detroit Detroit year defeats Chicago Northwest Ironsides

Victory on the Great Lakes (1813) United States captures _________________(Toronto) and burns some office buildings Oliver Hazzard Perry uses ____________ small ships to fight the British Fleet on Lake Eerie Regain control of ________________________and Michigan Cause boost in American Spirits Battle of ____________________River William Henry Harrison led 3,500 troops after the British fleeing Detroit Defeated a force of 600 British and ________________ Native Americans led by Tecumseh, (Tecumseh killed) York 10 Detroit Thames 1,000

The British Invasion(1814) British have more troops available after defeating ________________________ British capture ____________________________________ 1,000 Americans vs. 6,000 British Madison and his cabinet fled the city to avoid _____________________________ Declaration of Independence and Washington’s portrait are saved. Capitol and President’s House ______________________ To avenge the burning of _______________________ British invade Baltimore. Soldiers at Ft. __________________________held of British for 25 hours and forced a British retreat Francis Scott Key watched the battle from a prisoner of war ship in the harbor. wrote the poem that later became the ________________________________________ Napoleon Washington D.C. capture burned York McHenry national anthem

Battle of New Orleans (1815) British plan to invade from the____________________; Andrew Jackson was ready for them Greatest ______________________________of the war Jackson’s sharpshooter’s hid behind bales of ________________________ Killed or wounded ______________out of 8,000 British soldiers Only about 20 Americans were killed Neither side knew the battle was ____________________ because a peace treaty had been signed 2 _____________________earlier. south victory cotton 2,000 pointless weeks

Signed _______________________________________1814 Treaty of Ghent Signed _______________________________________1814 Ended the fighting, but settled ________________________ Didn’t deal with impressment or rights of American ships No gain or loss of ____________________________ Americans were proud of the victory Nation gained respect around the world. New sense of _____________________________and national identity. Christmas Eve nothing territory patriotism