Bell Ringer 2/26/15 Why did Great Britain want control of the Suez Canal? What did the African delegates decide at the Berlin Conference? What two countries remained independent as Europe carved up Africa? *Have your packets from yesterday out and ready to finish

Today’s Class (3/14/14) Outcome: Agenda: Be able to explain the impact of imperialism on India & Latin America. Agenda: Bell Ringer Complete the India/South American packet using a textbook Discussion Panama Canal Slideshow

Placard Activity 15 minutes to complete your packets using a textbook MAKE SURE YOU HAVE ANSWERED THE CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS

Imperialism in India & Latin America

Sepoy Mutiny Sepoy = Indian soldier hired by British British East India Company maintained control over India with hired soldiers (sepoys) and forts throughout the country. Rumor started that the British were passing out bullets greased with cow and pig fat – violation of Hindu & Muslim culture. British crushed rebellion because Muslim & Hindus could not get along. Sepoy Mutiny = treason, rebellion First War of Independence = fighting for freedom

British Rule Viceroy = governor who ruled as a representative of a monarch Benefits of British Rule: Order a stability to society School system for the top 10% Built infrastructure: trains, telegraphs Costs of British Rule: British goods destroyed local industries Zamindars (Indian tax collectors) abused their authority Farmers switched from food to cotton led to food shortage Top jobs reserved for British

An Indian Nationalist Movement Goal of Indian National Congress was to reform government to allow Indians to share in governing. Ran into problems with religious split between Hindus and Muslims. Mohandas Gandhi used nonviolent resistance to achieve his goals. Two goals of Gandhi’s movement: Win aid for the poor Gain India’s independence from Britain

Nationalist Revolts Peninsulares – Spanish/Portuguese who reside temporarily in Latin America for wealth Creoles – descendants of Europeans who lived in Latin America permanently Mestizos – of European and Native American descent, often worked as laborers Revolts in Latin America were sparked by the defeat of Napoleon and the introduction of free press, trade, and equality (ideas if liberalism). Why distinctions among groups = create divisions and to categorize them Liberators of South America = Jose de San Martin & Simon Bolivar – both led independence movements against European rule in Latin America Simon Bolivar led movements in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru San Martin successful in forcing Spanish out by joining forces with Bolivar. Free South American countries by 1824: Peru, Uruguay, Paraguay, Colombia, Venezuela, Argentina, Bolivia, Chile

Nationalist Revolts

New Nations Problems for newly independent countries in Latin America: No precise boundaries, fought with each other Poor infrastructure (maintenance) Elite land owners dominated society Still economically dependent on Europe & U.S. trade Caudillo = Strong military leaders that emerged after independence from European control These strongmen kept new states together BUT many abused their power (Ex. Santa Anna in Mexico misusing state funds) Mexico lost half its territory to U.S. after losing the Mexican War. Owning land was still the basis for prestige in Latin America – often brought political power. Exporting raw materials and importing manufactured goods made Latin America dependent on Europe & U.S. Gained political independence but not economic independence.

U.S.’s Role U.S. gained control of strip of land in Panama by supporting Panama rebellion against Colombia – built Panama Canal on this land Monroe Doctrine (1828) stated that the U.S. would intervene to keep Europe out of Latin American affairs Argentina = wheat & beef Brazil = coffee Central America = bananas (& coffee) Peru = sugar and silver Middle class in Latin America only ~5-10% Lived in cities, had education & decent income Saw the U.S. as a political & economic model Sought reform, not revolution. Voted for landed elites

Ch. 14 Imperialism Study Guide Questions?

Britain: Blood and Steel https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SJI4H4fnALM