New Ideas in a New Society Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus New Ideas about Economics Competing Economic Views Effects on Society Quick Facts: Effects of Industrialization on Women Map: Industrialized Europe

New Ideas in a New Society Preview, continued Visual Study Guide / Quick Facts Video: The Impact of Industrialization

New Ideas in a New Society Main Idea The Industrial Revolution inspired new ideas about economics and affected society in many ways. Reading Focus What new ideas about economics developed during the Industrial Revolution? What competing economic ideas arose as a result? How did the Industrial Revolution affect society?

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 4: New Ways of Thinking Witness History Audio: The Struggle of the Working Class Witness History Audio: Nearer My God to Thee Witness History Audio: A Doctor’s Concerns Laissez-Faire Economics Economists during the Enlightenment tried to grapple with how the Industrial Revolution would affect the working class. Views ranged from dire (Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo) to optimistic (Adam Smith). Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.) 1 of 5

New Ideas about Economics Old mercantile system restricted trade Laissez-faire economics Adam Smith, market economy Thomas Malthus, poverty unavoidable Industrialization succeeded and spread Capitalism and Competition Shift in wealth and power Entrepreneur Banking and finance Andrew Carnegie, rags to riches Robber barons New Roles for Business Leaders

What were some of the new ideas about economics? Summarize What were some of the new ideas about economics? Answer(s): mercantilism gave way to capitalism and competition, laissez-faire economics and The Wealth of Nations allowed for increased role of entrepreneur

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 4: New Ways of Thinking Utilitarians for Limited Government Utilitarianism emerged from the Industrial Revolution. This was the idea that governments should intervene in an economy in order to improve the lives of the working class—or at the very least protect them from harm. Note Taking Transparency 130 Socialist Thought Emerges Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.) Some sought to end the problems of the Industrial Age by instating socialism. Utopian communities sprang up that tried to live according to a socialist model. 2 of 5

Effects on Society Home Life Countries Societies The rise of new economic ideas was among the countless effects of the Industrial Revolution. The shift away from cottage industries also affected home life and the roles of women in society. Worlds of work and home separated “Separate spheres” Business world-without moral controls Women-moral guidance at home Home Life Industry-great power Control of other nations’ economies Industrialization of United States Period of immigration to United States Countries Increase in wealth Standard of living improved Leisure time Changes to many aspects of life: Art Politics Transportation Societies

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 4: New Ways of Thinking Karl Marx Explains Class Struggles German philosopher Karl Marx came up with the idea of communism as a solution to what he saw as a struggle between workers and business owners. Communism would create a classless society in which all means of production would be owned by everyone equally. Marxism in the Future Some Marxist ideas were put into practice in Germany, Russia, and other countries. The practical failures of these ideas quickly became evident, however, and this economic model is now nearly extinct. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “According to The Communist Manifesto, how do owners view workers?” (as part of the machinery) “How does this affect workers?” (They are given simple, boring tasks.) QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency QuickTake Section Quiz 3 of 5

Competing Economic Views Not everyone agreed that laissez-faire capitalism was good. Two who took a different stance were Robert Owen and Karl Marx. More hopeful than Malthus Socialism Society owns property Society controls business Model industrial town New Harmony Social democracy Robert Owen More radical socialism Predicted collapse of capitalism Das Kapital Communism Government owns means of production controls economic planning Karl Marx

Why did capitalism provoke strong response from the socialists? Infer Why did capitalism provoke strong response from the socialists? Answer(s): Socialists blamed capitalism for harsh working conditions, polluted cities, and the big gaps between rich and poor.

Identify Cause and Effect What were some of the major effects industrialization had on families and countries? Answer(s): families—wealth, leisure time, better educated; countries—increased power, wealth, and living standards; overcrowding of cities, pollution, rapid population growth

Video The Impact of Industrialization Click above to play the video.

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 4 Note Taking Transparency 130 4 of 5

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 4 Progress Monitoring Transparency 5 of 5