ATM OCN 100 – Summer 2002 LECTURE 36

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Presentation transcript:

ATM OCN 100 – Summer 2002 LECTURE 36 TROPICAL WEATHER SYSTEMS: TROPICAL CYCLONES & HURRICANES A. INTRODUCTION Definitions & Tropical Cyclone Nomenclature The Tropical Weather Setting The Human Factor

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/history/keith_b.jpg

101 years ago in Galveston, TX From National Climate Data Center 8-9 Sept 1900 - > 6000 people killed http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/ol/climate/extremes/2000/september/extremes0900.html

Historical Hurricanes – Galveston, TX Sept. 1900 SLOSH Model http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/history/1900_MEOW.gif

Historical Hurricanes – Galveston, TX Sept. 1900 http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/history/galveston_map.gif

Tropical Depression Tropical Storm Hurricane NOMENCLATURE Sustained winds less than 39 mph Tropical Storm Sustained winds 39 - 74 mph Hurricane Sustained winds 75 mph or greater

NAMING HURRICANES Rationale Historical Modern International Convention

B. HURRICANE CLIMATOLOGY Overall Hurricane Characteristics Saffir/Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale Geographical Distribution Seasonal Distribution Interannual & Long Term Variability

Typical cyclone tracks http://www.geog.ouc.bc.ca/conted/onlinecourses/geog_111/5s.html

Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in North Atlantic 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/atlantic/2001/index.html

Year 2001 Hurricane/Tropical Storm Tracks in Eastern/Central North Pacific 8 Hurricanes 7 Trop. Storms http://weather.unisys.com/hurricane/e_pacific/2001/index.html

C. LIFE CYCLE OF A HURRICANE Overall Sequence Hurricane Formation Mature Stage Death of a Hurricane

D. STRUCTURE OF A HURRICANE [Mature Stage] Warm Core Characteristic Structure Winds Associated with a Hurricane Spiral Bands Eye Wall Eye of Hurricane Vertical Structure of a Mature Hurricane Hurricane Energetics

E. HURRICANE WEATHER Movement of a Hurricane Weather Sequences Associated with Passage of a Hurricane Differences Between Tropical & Extratropical Cyclones

DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS of A MATURE HURRICANE (TROPICAL CYCLONE)

F. HURRICANE PUBLIC SAFETY Damage from a Hurricane Sources of Hurricane Induced Damage Hurricane Safety Rules Minimizing Hurricane Damage Hurricane Detection Forecasting Hurricane Behavior The Problem

F. HURRICANE PUBLIC SAFETY (con’t) Monitoring Hurricanes Short Term Forecasting and Dissemination of Information to the Public

TROPICAL WATCHES/WARNINGS (from National Hurricane Center) Hurricane/typhoon watch A hurricane/typhoon condition poses a possible threat to coastal areas generally within 36 hours.

TROPICAL WATCHES/WARNINGS (from National Hurricane Center) Hurricane/typhoon warning- Sustained surface winds of 64 knots (74 mph) or higher expected in a specified coastal area within 24 hours or less. Warning can remain in effect when dangerously high water and exceptionally high waves continue.

Storm Surge http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/surge/surge_big.jpg

Coastal Erosion from Hurricane http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/storm_surge.shtml

Wind Speed Decay

Effect of Hurricane Winds http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/high_winds.shtml

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/HAW2/english/surge/cyclone_deaths.gif

Hurricane Hunters http://www.hurricanehunters.noaa.gov/index.html

Inside Eye of Hurricane Erin Hurricane Hunters http://www.hurricanehunters.noaa.gov/index.html