OPPORTUNITIES IN JAMAICA’S MINING/MINERALS SECTOR O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019

CORE PRODUCTIVE SECTORS GLOBALLY i. Agriculture ii. Mining iii. Manufacturing iv. Services January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

STRUCTURE OF JAMAICA’S MINING INDUSTRY i. Bauxite and Alumina Sector Foreign / GOJ dominated. ii. Metallic Minerals No active mines. Significant amount of foreign-directed exploration in progress – Au, Cu, Ag. iii. Industrial Minerals Non-fuel , non-metallic minerals. Primarily locally owned. January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

MINERAL RESOURCES AND RESERVES Bauxite 1.4 billion metric tonnes (Reserve) Clay Over 160 million metric tonnes (Estimated Reserve) Gypsum (including 90%, 80%, 70% gypsum and anhydrite) 29.0 million metric tonnes (Total Reserve) Black Sand (including sand, iron and titanium oxide) 19.0 million metric tonnes (Estimated Deposits) Aggregate (skid-resistant) 2.5 Billion metric tonnes (Known Reserve) Alluvial sand and gravel Over 95 million metric tonnes Dimension Stone Over 300 million metric tonnes Limestone (calcareaous/dolomitic) Over 2.7 billion metric tonnes Limestone (whiting grade) 11.15 billion metric tonnes Limestone (chemical, industrial, metallurgical grade) 57.5 billion metric tonnes Silica Sand 30 million metric tonnes

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

CHARACTERISTICS OF JAMAICA’S MINING INDUSTRY i. Capital intensive ii. High financial risk iii. Long lead time for returns on investment iv. Heavily dependent on the performance of other sectors v. Export dependent vi. Location specific (mining) vii. Very visible / Environmentally impacting viii. Occupationally hazardous January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville OPPORTUNITIES 1. Mineral and Value-added Products Exportation 2. Mineral Exploration 3. Manufacturing of Value Added Products (Grout, Thin-set, Industrial Limes, Construction Blocks, etc.) 4. Quarrying (limestone, sand, SRA, clay, etc.) 5. Service provider (Haulage, Energy, Spares, etc.) 6. Financing 7. Analytical / Laboratory Services Drilling and Blasting 9. Contract Mining / Land Rehabilitation January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville THE VALUE OF LIMESTONE 1. Widely used in various segments of industry. 2. Its value increases the more it is processed. i. Processed to 50 microns and finer it attracts prices above US$23/tonne. ii. Processed to 0.7 microns (pharmaceutical grade) it may attract prices over US$325/tonne. 3. Excellent qualities and huge quantities available. January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville

O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville THANK YOU. January 15, 2019 O. Rainford, Ph.D., Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville